1. Software installation Chapter 7

2. Software installation Numerous software options Usually free Open source Several sources Installation CD Websites sourceforge.net freshmeat.net Software update

3. Software installation Installation options Package system apt, rpm, dpkg, etc. depends on the distribution Download binary file Download source files, compile Easiest to use: package system not all software will have package file for every distribution same goes for binary files May need to compile the source to install Similar to installing/upgrading kernel

4. Using RPM RPM (RedHat Package Manager) Automates install/upgrade/uninstall of software Keeps track of individual software files Maintains dependencies (pre-requisite software) To install rpm -ivh software-file.rpm Will complain about dependencies if not available To upgrade rpm -Uvh software-file.rpm To remove rpm -e software To query rpm -q software

5. Using apt Similar to RPM in many ways Much more convenient Software installs with less errors usually Automatically downloads and installs from repositories Keeps track of dependencies and installs required ones Repositories sources of available software Internet CD Local Easiest to use apt with Synaptic front-end

6. Using apt Requires sudo previliges for most tasks To update the list of software from repositories sudo apt-get update To upgrade all available software sudo apt-get upgrade To install a software sudo apt-get install software_name apt downloads and installs software and dependencies from repositories To search for software in repositories sudo apt-cache search gedit To look for information on a particular software sudo apt-cache show gedit

7. Using Synaptic GUI front-end to apt Easy to use and configure apt with Synaptic Install apt first with Synaptic Available under System>Administration Can edit and add repositories

8. Archive and Compression Utilities Crucial tools for software installation from source Archiving Pack many files into a single file; easily transferred tar Compression reduce the size of a file or set of files compress gzip Usually archive and compression used together archive several files into one then compress the file

9. gzip Powerful compression utility Working Compress a file, big_file save compressed file as big_file.gz remove original file Amount of compression depends on the kind of file For eg., JPEG or PNG images are already compressed To find out how much compression was done: gzip -l big_file.gz To get original file back: gunzip big_file.gz

10. Using tar tar is for archiving packing many files into a single file preserves ownerships, links, directory structure Options: To archive two files a.txt and b.txt into arch.tar: tar cvf arch.tar a.txt b.txt To archive a directory temp into temp.tar tar cvf temp.tar temp c create a new archive x extract files from archive t list contents of archive r append to archive f filename of archive v verbose

11. Using tar To extract an archive mt.tar tar xvf mt.tar To view the contents of the archive tar tvf mt.tar Using with gzip use the z option when compressing into a gzip file To archive & compress a.txt and b.txt into f.tar.gz tar cvzf f.tar.gz a.txt b.txt To extract the above compressed archive tar xvzf f.tar.gz To view the contents tar tvzf f.tar.gz

12. Installing/Upgrading software the hard way rpm and apt packges of a software may not always be available Use the latest release of the software Source Binary Available as compressed files Binary Extract the files, which contain the necessary programs Make sure the extracted program is in the PATH Source Extract the files, compile and install the program

13. Installing from source Hardest way to install a program Necessary for installing latest version of the software May require root privileges Usual steps Download the required tar compressed file Extract the files using tar Run it’s configuration program (usually./configure ) Run make for compiling Run make install (usually with sudo ) for installation Cleaning (optional): make clean May run into problems! shared libraries compiling problems