1. Drug classification Drug Nomenclature A nomenclature : is a classified system of names. The same drug has at least 3 different names: 1.a chemical name: identifies the actual chemical structure but it is often complex and is seldom to be used. e.7-chloro 1,3-dihydro 1-methyl 5-phenyl 2H 1,4-benzodiazepin 2. a generic name: simpler name derived from the more complex chemical name. diazepam 3. a trade name: is given by a specific company. It may not reflect any characteristic of the chemical structure of the drug. Valium

2. Classification by action Drugs of similar action Drugs that relieve pain analgesics. Prescription drugs أدوية موصوفة Non Prescription drugs or Drug families. Drugs used to treat high blood pressure antihypertensive Drugs used to fight inflammation anti-inflammatory. - Legal classification e.g. antibiotics e.g. vitamins FDA : U.S. Food and Drug Administration

3. Dose forms deals with the absorption. Tablet Is a granulated drug that has been compressed into a solid hard disc. Single dose units may be second to facilitated division into halves or quarters. Some tablets are coated with a substance that delays the dissolution of the tablet until it is in the small intestine. These so called enteric coated tablets are used for drugs that might irritate the stomach (such as aspirin) or for drugs destroyed by the acid in the stomach.

4. Capsule A capsule is a dose form in which a powdered or liquid drug is contained in a gelatin shell. The gelatin shell dissolves in the stomach and release its contents. Inhalant Inhalants are used for their local effects in the treatment of asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

5. After inhalation, high concentration are deposited to the respiratory mucosa and exert action by producing bronchodilaton or reducing inflammation. Local therapeutic effects are optimized, and systemic side effects are minimized. Suppository لبوس A suppository is a dose form shaped for insertion into a body orifice such as the rectum, vagina or urethra. Once inserted, the suppository dissolves and release the drug. It may have a local or systemic effect. Solution a solution is a dose form in which one or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier. Rapidly absorbed. Administrated orally or parenterally (injection the drug with a needle and syringe beneath the surface of the skin.

6. Suspension A suspension is a dose form in which one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier. Most suspensions are administered orally and should be shaken just before use. Suspensions should never be administered intravenously. Transdermal patch is a dose form that permits a drug to be applied on the skin surface, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. The patchlike device containing the drug is applied to the skin with a water resistant covering. The patch releases the drug gradually over time. Suspension A suspension is a dose form in which one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier. Most suspensions are administered orally and should be shaken just before use. Suspensions should never be administered intravenously. Transdermal patch is a dose form that permits a drug to be applied on the skin surface, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. The patchlike device containing the drug is applied to the skin with a water resistant covering. The patch releases the drug gradually over time.

7. Classification of drugs Actions Indications Precautions Analgesics are drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness. Anesthetics are drugs that act on CNS to produce a loss of sensation. General anesthetics: muscle relaxation, loss of consciousness. e.g. Diprivan, Ultane Local anesthetics: block nerve conduction from an area of the body to CNS. e.g. Carbocaine

8. Antibiotics are drugs used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Broad spectrum effective large number of microbes e.g. Ciprofloxacin. Narrow spectrum effective against few microbes e.g. erythromycin. Allergic reactions of antibiotics range from mild to severe or even fatal. Antiarrhythmics are drugs used to treat arrhythmais, which are any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat. Anticoagulants are drugs used to inhibit clotting of the blood or increase the coagulation time. Heparin intramuscular hematoma, orally not absorbed from GIT.

9. Antifungal are drugs used to destroy or suppress the growth of fungi. Fungal infections can be divided into 2 major groups; (1) those that affect the skin or mucosa and (2) those that affect the whole body (systemic). Antiviral are drugs used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or for the short term treatment of acute inflammatory conditions. Corticosteroids are drugs used to to destroy or suppress the growth of viruses. Hormones are drugs used to that affect the endocrine system. E.g. Hypothyrodism.

10. Antianxiety Ant diabetic Antiulcer Bronchodilators are drugs used in the treatment of anxiety القلق. They act on the CNS to calm or relax the anxious patient. Relax muscle spasm, and seizures نوبات. are drugs used in the treatment of Diabetes Millitus. E.g. Insulin are drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, both gastric and duodenal, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). are drugs used in the treatment of Asthma. These drugs relax bronchial smooth muscles and dilate the respiratory passage.

11. In radiology, drugs are often administered to patients, particularly pediatric patients, to sedate them during a lengthy or difficult procedure. The sedation levels are: Minimal sedation: cognitive functions are affected while ventilation and cardiovascular functions are unaffected. Moderate sedation: depression of consciousness, ventilation is adequate and cardiovascular functions are maintained. Deep sedation: depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused. Ventilation may be inadequate but cardiovascular functions is usually maintained. General anesthesia: depression of consciousness during which patients are not arousable even to painful stimuli. Ventilation is frequently inadequate but cardiovascular function may be impaired.