1. Lab Biology- Chapter 9 Honors Biology- Chapter 12 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLCqFo03Qpo&feature=related

2.  Modified genome of an organism  Takes DNA from multiple sources and combine them to form a new genome  DNA from same species  DNA from different species- Transgenic organisms

3.  Insertion of genes to produce a precursor of vitamin A (beta- carotene)  Helps areas where there is a shortage of dietary vitamin A Golden riceWhite rice

4.  Unexpected allergies  Introduction of new genes to a population  Creation of invasive species

5.  Gene expression- activation of a gene that results in the formation of a protein  Chromosome coiling  Euchromatin- uncoiled form  Heterochromatin- condensed form

6.  Transcription factors  Proteins that regulate transcription  Enhancer- noncoding sequence that helps activate transcription

7.  Study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring  Gene- unit of heredity found of a DNA molecule  Encodes for a trait

9.  Allele- symbols (letters) used to represent genes  Potential alternate forms  Ex. T=tall, t= short

10.  Trait expressed  Capital letter  T=tall, B= purple  Masks another trait  Trait that may not be expressed  Lowercase letter  t= short, b=white  Only expressed when there is no dominant trait present

11.  Both alleles are the same  Examples:  TT  tt  bb  CC  Alleles differ  Examples:  Tt  Bb  Cc

12.  Genetic make up  Examples:  homozygous, heterozygous, GG, Bb, Qq  Physical appearance  Examples:  Tall, short, blue, wrinkled

13.  Symbolic of reproduction  _________x ___________  P Generation= Parental generation  F 1 = first generation  F 2 = second generation

14.  Diagram used to predict the phenotype and genotype of offspring http://www.changbioscience.com/genetics/punnett.html http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/gen bio/virtual_labs/BL_05/BL_05.ht ml Does not work on iPads

15.  Genetic recombination  Scrambling of genes  Occurs in meiosis during prophase 1  Can alter probability of genotype and phenotype ratios