1. Advanced Human Trafficking in the State of Texas TCOLE Course #: 3271 Participant Handout Hosted By Bexar County Constable ’ s Office PCT#4 Constable Robert M. Blount UNIT SIX

2. 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Learning Objective 6.0: Learning Objective 6.0: The participant will be able to explain who are the victims of Human Trafficking, such as lifestyles, and poor choices. Learning Objective 6.1: Learning Objective 6.1: The participant will be able to explain two of the communication barriers associated with Human Trafficking Victims. Learning Objective 6.2: Learning Objective 6.2: The participant will be able to identify three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims. 2

3. 3 Learning Objective 6.3: Learning Objective 6.3: The participant will be able to identify examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim. Learning Objective 6.4: Learning Objective 6.4: The participant will be able to recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

4. Unit 6.0 Communicating Human Trafficking Victims _____________ Who are the victims? Officers must recognize that _____________ has the potential of becoming a Human Trafficking victim. ____________ Circumstance, lifestyle and poor choices may provide a trafficker with the needed ____________ to victimize persons from all walks of life. 4

5. 5 A. A. ____, _______, and __________ B. B. ____________ – U.S. citizens and residents within the United States C. C. ____________ – foreign nationals across international borders Unit 6.0 Communicating Human Trafficking Victims – Cont’d

6. 6 D. D. Desperate, ____________, and impoverished persons E. beneath E. Look beneath the surface “The next prostitute, exotic dancer, illegal immigrant, runaway youth, domestic servant, or migrant worker you encounter or take into custody may be a __________ of human trafficking.” Unit 6.0 Communicating Human Trafficking Victims – Cont’d

7. 7 6.1Communication barriers associated with Human Trafficking Victims. 6.1 Communication barriers associated with Human Trafficking Victims. Communication Barriers A. A. May fear ___________- The TVPA authorizes special visas and other forms of immigration relief to certain trafficking victims.

8. 8 Communication barriers associated with Human Trafficking Victims. 6.1 Communication barriers associated with Human Trafficking Victims. Communication Barriers B. B. May fear __________ with abusive family - Services/placement elsewhere will be investigated. C. C. Does not identify as a _____ - You are a victim, not a criminal. What is happening to you is wrong.

9. 9 Communication barriers associated with Human Trafficking Victims. 6.1 Communication barriers associated with Human Trafficking Victims. Communication Barriers D. ________ D. ________ of law enforcement - We can help get you what you need. We can protect you. You can trust us. E. E. Unaware of _________ - You have rights. You have the right to live without being abused

10. 10 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims. Interviewing human trafficking victims will require a revised skill set since there may be a __________ barrier or the victim may present initially as a suspect in an underlying criminal offense; i.e. prostitution.

11. 11 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims. Officers must first recognize they are talking with a potential ________ and adjust their questions, demeanor and even the setting to accommodate the needs of the victim

12. 12 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims. lies _________ expected from investigator as a must, since the victims may initially provide practiced lies or half truths based on the trafficker’s prior threats of deportation, relocation, or torture from the trafficker

13. 13 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims. establish rapport Providing for basic _________ (Food, Clothing or Shelter) prior to interviewing, if possible, will help establish rapport and assure the victim they can tell their story.

14. 14 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims. A. A. Look for comfortable space with no ______________ barriers B. B. Depending on policy, do not ____________ or ___________ initial conversation

15. 15 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims. C. prior C. Prepare __________ prior to your interview D. D. Use ______________ conversation

16. 16 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims. E. E. Consider using a children’s ____________ center for interviewing minors F. F. Do not make ____________ you cannot keep

17. 17 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims 6.2 Three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims. G. G. Keep ______ taking to a minimum H. be H. Allow victim to set length and pace, be __________ I. I. Watch for body ___________ cues

18. 18 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim. A. A. Questioning beneath the surface Questions should be asked in a non__________________ manner as victims may fear authority figures and are concerned about being in the country illegally.

19. 19 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface Victims are usually ____________ on what to say when asked about their immigration status

20. 20 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface placed at ease Victims must be placed at ease and feel ___________ during the interview and reassured they will get the proper resources to recover.

21. 21 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface Officers should carefully consider the answers to these questions and be aware victims might have been coached.

22. 22 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface The non-verbal cues of appearance and demeanor and how those relate to the answers given in response to the questions will also help the officer

23. 23 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface If an interpreter is used ensure it is a disinterested third party to ensure the correct questions and answers are being relayed.

24. 24 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface 1. ______ get here 1. ______ did you get here? 2. 2. Do you know _________ you are? 3. 3. Where do you ______, eat and sleep? 4. 4. Do you owe a ____ or _________?

25. 25 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface 5. 5. Who controls your legal or travel ______________? 6. 6. Were you ____________ if you tried to leave? 7. 7. Who makes your _________ arraignments?

26. 26 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface 8. 8. Are you ever left ________? 9. 9. Has your family been ______________? 10. 10. Were you physically __________ or ____________?

27. 27 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface 11. 11. Were you ever _________ to stay in one place? 12. 12. Who are you __________ of? 13. 13. How many ___________ do you live with?

28. 28 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Questioning beneath the surface 14. 14. What were you told to _______ to the police or immigration? 15. 15. Who ________ for their travel?

29. 29 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. Investigative tools sex The investigation of Human Trafficking has some similarities to both Assault FV and to Sexual Assault (when the trafficking is commercial sex trafficking

30. 30 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Investigative tools Techniques and _________ from both those offenses can, and should, be used when conducting an investigation

31. 31 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Investigative tools Tools or protocols to consider Tools or protocols to consider: 1. 1. Take a _____________ as soon as possible 2. 2. Take __________ of the victim and any tattoos (branding)

32. 32 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Investigative tools Tools or protocols to consider: 3. 3. Identify and capture any social ___________ (internet) used to traffic the victim and archive the pages

33. 33 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Investigative tools Tools or protocols to consider: 4. 4. Determine who is __________ any rooms used by the victim

34. 34 6.3 Examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Investigative tools Tools or protocols to consider: 5. 5. Take all cell phones for phone ___________ and to determine who is paying the bill 6. 6. Get sexual assault __________ if possible for commercial sex trafficking

35. 35 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim. A. A. Victims may have little or no personal __________ with them when contacted. they may not even have clothes as they are being held in their underwear to discourage ____________ If the victims are being held in a secured facility they may not even have clothes as they are being held in their underwear to discourage ____________

36. 36 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A. A. Traffickers have little incentive to __________ the victims well, usually providing minimal nourishment leaving the victims in poor health. 1. ____________ 2. ________ 2. ________ – possibly malnourished

37. 37 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d A.3. ___________ A. 3. ___________ – safe and secure, culturally and linguistically appropriate, age and gender appropriate

38. 38 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d What exists to help victims?; 1._________ shelters, 2._________ shelters, 3._________ shelters, 4._________ violence shelters, 5._________ vouchers, 6.good _________

39. 39 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Supporting victims Additional basic needs 1. Additional basic needs a)_________, b)_________ and c)_________,

40. 40 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Supporting victims Additional basic needs 1. Additional basic needs d)_________ interpretation and e)_________ services

41. 41 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Supporting victims 2. Mental health assistance  ______________

42. 42 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Supporting victims 3. Income assistance  _________, living assistance

43. 43 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d B. B. Supporting victims 4. Legal status  _________, immigration, certification, guardianship issues

44. 44 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d C. C. Law Enforcement Collaboration Once a Human Trafficking victim is identified the need for _____ __________ to begin reaching out for assistance is critical

45. 45 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d C. C. Law Enforcement Collaboration support Federal agencies can support the investigation and prosecutions while the local community and NGO’s can support the victim with both immediate and longer term needs

46. 46 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d C. C. Law Enforcement Collaboration _______ _______ wars between any or all the partners can result in the loss of valuable time, evidence and eventually the prosecution meaning the victim will become a victim once again.

47. 47 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d C. C. Law Enforcement Collaboration 1. 1. Human Trafficking cases are ______________ and can quickly overwhelm an agencies ability to:  _________  _________ / Prosecute

48. 48 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d C. C. Law Enforcement Collaboration 1. 1. Human Trafficking cases are complex and can quickly overwhelm an agencies ability to:  _________ victims

49. 49 6.4 Recognize the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim – Cont’d C. C. Law Enforcement Collaboration 2. 2. ____________ between Local, State and Federal Law Enforcement is essential 3. 3. Community and NGO __________ for victims should occur at the onset

50. 6.0 Summary Review 50  Fear of reunification with abusive family  Does not identify as a victim Services/placeme nt elsewhere will be investigated. You are a victim, not a criminal. What is happening to you is wrong.

51. 51  Distrust of law enforcement  Unaware of rights We can help get you what you need. We can protect you. You can trust us. You have rights. You have the right to live without being abused. 6.0 Summary Review Continued

52. 52 VICTIM INTERVIEW CONSIDERATIONS  Look for comfortable space with no physical barriers  Depending on policy, do not videotape or audiotape initial conversation  Prepare questions prior to your interview

53. 53  Use informal conversation  Consider using a children’s advocacy center for interviewing minors VICTIM INTERVIEW CONSIDERATIONS – Cont’d

54. 54  Do not make promises you cannot keep  Keep note taking to a minimum  Allow victim to set length and pace, be patient  Watch for body language cues VICTIM INTERVIEW CONSIDERATIONS – Cont’d

55. 55 QUESTIONING BENEATH THE SURFACE  How did you get here?  Do you know where you are?  Where do you live, eat and sleep?  Do you owe a debt or money?  Who controls your legal or travel documents?

56. 56  Who controls your legal or travel documents?  Were you threatened if you tried to leave?  Who makes your travel arraignments?  Are you ever left alone? QUESTIONING BENEATH THE SURFACE – Cont’d

57. threatened  Has your family been threatened ? abused  Were you physically abused ? forced  Were you ever forced to stay in one place? afraid  Who are you afraid of? QUESTIONING BENEATH THE SURFACE – Cont’d

58. 58  How many people do you live with?  What were you told to say to the police or immigration?  Who paid for their travel? QUESTIONING BENEATH THE SURFACE – Cont’d

59. INVESTIGATIVE TOOLS  Take statement as soon as possible  Take photos of victim & any tattoos (branding)  Identify & capture any social network (internet) used to traffic the victim & archive the pages

60. 60  Determine who is paying for rooms used by victim victim  Take all cell phones for phone numbers and find out who is paying the bill  Get sexual assault exam, if possible, for commercial sex trafficking INVESTIGATIVE TOOLS Continued

61. 61 IMMEDIATE NEEDS  Clothing  Food Possibly malnourished Possibly malnourished  Housing Safe and secureSafe and secure Culturally and linguistically appropriateCulturally and linguistically appropriate Age and gender appropriateAge and gender appropriate

62. 62  What exists Emergency sheltersEmergency shelters Homeless sheltersHomeless shelters Youth sheltersYouth shelters Domestic violence sheltersDomestic violence shelters Hotel vouchersHotel vouchers Good SamaritansGood Samaritans IMMEDIATE NEEDS – Cont’d

63. 63 Additional basic needs medical, safety and security, language interpretation and legal services Mental health assistance Counseling VICTIM SUPPORT

64. 64 Income assistance Cash, living assistance Legal status T visa, immigration, certification, guardianship issues VICTIM SUPPORT – Cont’d

65. LAW ENFORCEMENT COLLABORATION  Human Trafficking cases are complex and can quickly overwhelm a single agencies ability to: Respond Respond Investigate / Prosecute Investigate / Prosecute Support victims Support victims

66. 66  Cooperation between Local, State and Federal Law Enforcement is essential  Community and NGO support for victims should occur at the onset LAW ENFORCEMENT COLLABORATION – Cont’d

67. 67 Questions?

68. 68 DEFINE & PROCESS Process: Define: Define: Explain who are the victims of Human Trafficking, such as lifestyles, and poor choices

69. 69 DEFINE & PROCESS Process: Define: Define: Explain two of the communication barriers associated with Human Trafficking Victims

70. 70 DEFINE & PROCESS Process: Define: Define: Explain three considerations when interviewing human trafficking victims

71. 71 DEFINE & PROCESS Process: Define: Define: Identify & explain examples of questions designed to reveal a Human Trafficking Victim

72. 72 DEFINE & PROCESS Process: Define: Define: Explain the victim’s immediate needs when encountering a Human Trafficking Victim

73. SOURCES All Course Sources and/or Resources are listed in your Participant Handout ADVANCED HUMAN TRAFFICKING TCOLE Course # 3271

74. FOR YOUR ATTENTION

75. TAKE A 15-MINUTE BREAK