1. 8 th Grade Final Exam Review

2. Review 13-16 Compromise- Settlement in which each side gives up some of their demands in order to reach an agreement Secede-To withdraw Underground Railroad- Secret network of people who helped runaway slaves to reach freedom in the North or Canada Abolition- Anti-Slavery

3. Review Popular Sovereignty- Control by the people, allowing each territory to decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin- Anti-slavery book written by Harriet Beecher Stow

4. Review What was a negative result from the invention of the Cotton gin? Increase in slavery What was Lincoln's main goal during the Civil War? Preserve the Union What were three advantages of the North at the start of the Civil War? More citizens, more factories, more railroads, more materials

5. Review What were two advantages of the South at the beginning of the Civil War? They were fighting a defensive war, the citizens had good skills for soldiers Why did the North blockade southern ports during the Civil War? To prevent the South from getting goods

6. Review What were two southern strategies during the Civil War? Wait to be attacked and rely on Europe for goods What was the turning point of the Civil War? Gettysburg, the war changed from preserving the Union to an Anti-slavery campaign

7. Review-Chapter 17 Reconstruction- Period after the Civil War when the South was rebuilt-Also a federal program to rebuild the South Ku Klux Klan- Secret groups first set up in the South after the Civil War, terrorized African Americans and other minorities Freedmen’s Bureau- Agency to help former slaves

8. Review “Pull Factors”- Condition that attracts people to a new area “Old Immigrants”-People who came from Northern and Western Europe- England, France, Spain, Germany and Scandinavia “New Immigrants”- People who came from Southern and Eastern Europe- Italians, Poles, and Eastern European Jews How have many people throughout history sought to limit immigration? Immigration laws and restrictions

9. Review Muckraker- Person who reported on corrupt politicians and other problems of cities Reform- To change The Jungle- Book written by Upton Sinclair about the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century

10. Review Primary- Election held before a general election in which voters chose their party’s candidate for office. Suffrage- Right to vote

11. Review- Chapter 22 Yellow Journalism- Sensational style of reporting used by some newspapers in the late 1800’s Spanish American War- War between Spain and the US over the freeing of Cuba. –Result- Spain gave up land to the US. Big Stick Policy- The idea that you should peacefully negotiate while also making sure to threaten the government.-Theodore Roosevelt

12. Review Panama Canal- Canal that connects the Atlantic to the Pacific- Paid for by the United States Imperialism- Policy by which one country takes control of the economic and political affairs of another country or region Open Door Policy- Policy toward China that allowed a nation to trade in any other nations “Sphere of Influence”

13. Review- Chapter 23 “Main” causes of WWI- The Alliance System in Southern Europe and the Assassination of Archduke Fredrick Ferdinand Neutral- Choosing not to fight on either side in a war

14. Review-Chapter 25 Great Depression- Period of Economic hard times from 1929-1941 Dust Bowl- Severe drought and high winds caused blinding dust storms in the Great Plains causing people to move away “Okies”-Farmers from Oklahoma who had to move farther West because of the Dust Bowl

15. Review New Deal- Programs made by FDR during the Depression- Relief, Reform and Recovery Alphabet Agencies- Programs made by FDR part of the New Deal, for recovery Social Security Act- Law that provided for the elderly and unemployed

16. Review What were two causes of the Great Depression? Speculation, Stock market, Buying on margin How did Hoover and Roosevelt differ in their response to the Great Depression? Hoover was hands off by the government, FDR believed the government should help the citizens

17. Review-Ch 26 Appeasement- Practice of giving into aggressor nations demands in order to maintain peace Neutrality- Not joining any side during a war “Rosie the Riveter”- Woman propaganda during WWII to tell women to do their part

18. Review Kamikaze- Japanese suicide killer Blitzkrieg- German word for lighting war- or fast attacks to win the war Holocaust- Hitler's mass killing of Jews D-Day- Day the Allies began the invasion of Europe in WWII Axis powers- Nations that fought against the Allies in WWII- Germany, Italy and Japan

19. Review Island Hopping- Allied WWII strategy to capture some Japanese held islands and going around others What caused the U.S. to become involved in WWII? Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor What role did American industry play during WWII? Backed up allies, troops, supplies, etc

20. Review Cold War Between the United States and the Soviet Union The United States is Democratic The Soviet Union was Communist These two countries fought indirectly