1. Belgium Imperializing the Congo Sam Mrozinski

2. MethodsMotives Overview Primary Source Country Today Gaining Independence Video Charts Conclusion

3. Overview Imperialism is the takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people. Starting in the 1800’s, European countries began to claim territory in Africa mostly because it was one of the last regions in the world that was un-imperialized and it had a great economic appeal.

4. Gaining Independence Jean Félix Tchicaya Formed the RDA in 1946 Formed the Parti Progressiste African in 1947 Became a member of the French Parliament November 21, 1945 Fulbert Youlou Prime minister Resulted in the establishment of the Republic of Congo

5. Gaining Independence Continued Jacques Opangault Organized a revolt February 16, 1959 Between southerners and northerners Opangault was arrested Youlou held elections and won July 12, 1960 France agreed to Congo becoming fully independent August 15, 1960 Republic of Congo became an independent country Youlou as first president

6. Country Today Democratic Republic of Congo Located in Central Africa Largest country in Sub Saharan Africa Population of over 75 million Divided into 12 departments Departments divided into communes\districts Eastern DRC is very violent Armed groups attack local communities Kidnap women and children and force them to work as sexual slaves Known as the “rape capital of the world” Second highest infant mortality rate in the world

7. Country Today Continued Established a stable presidential democratic republic Joseph Kabila The Second Congo War Conflict between Over 200 ethnic groups Majority are bantu people Vast potential of natural resources and mineral wealth Economy has decreased drastically since 1980’s due to war, corruption, and political instability Worlds lowest GDP per capita

8. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qx2Sj1fhSso 0-4:44 This video is about European imperialism and the race for Africa. It also talks about how King Leopold II claimed the Congo after the Conference of Berlin in 1885. It explains how he treated the people of the Congo and how he punished them if they didn’t meet the rubber quota. WARNING: SHOWS VISUAL IMAGES OF HANDS BEING CHOPPED OFF. DO NOT WATCH IF SQUEAMISH.

9. Primary Source http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/96sep/ congo/stanley.htm

10. Chart 1 http://www.gapminder.org/world/#$majorMode=chart$is;shi=t;ly= 2003;lb=f;il=t;fs=11;al=0;stl=t;st=t;nsl=t;se=t$wst;tts=C$ts;sp=5.5 9290322580644;ti=2012$zpv;v=0$inc_x;mmid=XCOORDS;iid=phA wcNAVuyj1jiMAkmq1iMg;by=ind$inc_y;mmid=YCOORDS;iid=phA wcNAVuyj0XOoBL%5Fn5tAQ;by=ind$inc_s;uniValue=8.21;iid=phA wcNAVuyj0XOoBL%5Fn5tAQ;by=ind$inc_c;uniValue=255;gid=CATI D0;by=grp$map_x;scale=log;dataMin=282;dataMax=119849$ma p_y;scale=lin;dataMin=0;dataMax=1359368470$map_s;sma=49;s mi=2.65$cd;bd=0$inds=i49_t001960,,,, This chart shows that as the population increases, the income per person decreased and then made a recovery. This means that as the Congo got more populated, people made less money and over time the economy was able to make a recovery, being right around where it started.

11. Chart 2 http://www.gapminder.org/world/#$majorMode=chart$is;shi=t; ly=2003;lb=f;il=t;fs=11;al=0;stl=t;st=t;nsl=t;se=t$wst;tts=C$ts;sp =5.59290322580644;ti=2012$zpv;v=0$inc_x;mmid=XCOORDS;ii d=phAwcNAVuyj2tPLxKvvnNPA;by=ind$inc_y;mmid=YCOORDS;ii d=phAwcNAVuyj0NpF2PTov2Cw;by=ind$inc_s;uniValue=8.21;iid =phAwcNAVuyj0XOoBL%5Fn5tAQ;by=ind$inc_c;uniValue=255;gi d=CATID0;by=grp$map_x;scale=lin;dataMin=12;dataMax=83$m ap_y;scale=log;dataMin=1.7;dataMax=420$map_s;sma=49;smi= 2.65$cd;bd=0$inds=i49_t001960,,,, This chart shows that the infant mortality rate goes down as the life expectancy increases. This means that there are less infant deaths in the Congo and the general life expectancy rate has gone up as well, so more people live longer.

12. Methods Force, threats, and violence Established a new flag The star representing the light of colonization that Belgium introduced to the Congo King Leopold II it the Congo Free State in the 1870’s Tricked Chiefs Henry Morton Stanley went to the chiefs and tricked them into signing contracts that they couldn’t read that gave up their rights to everything Spin control

13. Methods Continued Force Publique An army, that searched for elephant tusks, killing elephants or taking from other villages Killed any people who resisted Leaving many kids as orphans Raised an army of orphans Only school they attended was a military school Slaves Forced slaves to work hard by threatening with violence

14. Methods Continued Chicotte A whip made of raw sundried hide So strong and dangerous 100 hits could be fatal Became a symbol of Leopold’s rule Along with the steamboat and rifle Red Rubber Terror Leopold created a rubber quota in order to make a profit Punished for not reaching quota or killing the vine If someone didn’t reach the quota their hands would be chopped off

15. Motives Economic Political Ideological

16. Motives; Economic Congo had a large supply of raw materials Rubber Ivory Gold Other natural resources Had a labor force that was easily exploited and easy to manipulate The Congo River Strategic location Used for trade Location made trade easier

17. Motives; Political Race for Africa King Leopold II felt pressured that everyone else was claiming land Only took the Congo because it was the only region left to claim King Leopold II used exploration as an excuse

18. Motives; Ideological Social Darwinism “Survival of the Fittest” Societies with more wealth, power, and technology are superior to those with less Wanted to gain more power and land

19. Conclusion Motives Economic Ideological Political Methods Force and violence Gaining independence Revolt Belgium agreed to free the Congo Country Today The Second Congo War Very poor Rape capital of the world