1. Ultra-Wideband Research and Implementation By Jarrod Cook and Nathan Gove Advisors: Dr. Brian Huggins Dr. In Soo Ahn Dr. Prasad Shastry

2. Presentation Outline Introduction Introduction Brief History Brief History Benefits of UWB Benefits of UWB Initial Project Goals Initial Project Goals Actual Project Goals Actual Project Goals Project Achievements Project Achievements Project Issues Project Issues Results Results Future Work Future Work Conclusion Conclusion Questions? Questions?

3. Introduction to UWB Ultra-wideband technology is a wireless transmission technique approved for unlicensed use in 2002 under the FCC Part 15 Ultra-wideband technology is a wireless transmission technique approved for unlicensed use in 2002 under the FCC Part 15 Ultra-Wideband is defined by the FCC as a transmission whose bandwidth is either: Ultra-Wideband is defined by the FCC as a transmission whose bandwidth is either: 20% of its center frequency 20% of its center frequency At least 500 MHz wide At least 500 MHz wide

4. Benefits of UWB UWB allows devices to transmit data up to USB 2.0 speeds (480 Mb/s) UWB allows devices to transmit data up to USB 2.0 speeds (480 Mb/s) Power spectral density is extremely low (-41.3 dBm/MHz) Power spectral density is extremely low (-41.3 dBm/MHz) Low power consumption Low power consumption

5. Comparison of UWB with other schemes Narrowband Narrowband Advantages Advantages Range Range Conservation of spectrum Conservation of spectrum Cost Cost Disadvantages Disadvantages Power consumption Power consumption Limited bandwidth Limited bandwidth Limited data rates Limited data rates Wideband Wideband Advantages High data rates Low power consumption Spectrum coexistence Disadvantages Range Power output regulations to prevent interference

6. One Disadvantage of UWB

8. Initial Project Goals Bring UWB technology and research to the Bradley ECE department. Bring UWB technology and research to the Bradley ECE department. UWB development kit was to be researched and purchased for testing. UWB development kit was to be researched and purchased for testing.

9. Initial Project Goals Testing could lead to other projects in the UWB area. Testing could lead to other projects in the UWB area. Connect a computer with a USB device. Connect a computer with a USB device.

10. Initial Project Goals The idea was to test the development kit thoroughly and match the results with UWB performance specs. The idea was to test the development kit thoroughly and match the results with UWB performance specs. Spectrum measurements Spectrum measurements Data rate measurements Data rate measurements Bit Error Rate (BER) Bit Error Rate (BER) Transmission range Transmission range Power consumption Power consumption Antenna and RF characteristics Antenna and RF characteristics

11. Why these goals failed Upon doing research for companies working on development kits, the list was narrowed down to five companies: Upon doing research for companies working on development kits, the list was narrowed down to five companies: Staccato Communications Staccato Communications Focus Enhancement Focus Enhancement Wisair Wisair Alereon Alereon PulsON Time Domain PulsON Time Domain

12. Why these goals failed None of these companies worked out. None of these companies worked out. Staccato Communications – Too expensive Staccato Communications – Too expensive Focus Enhancement – Still in development Focus Enhancement – Still in development Wisair – Too expensive Wisair – Too expensive Alereon – Still in development Alereon – Still in development PulsON Time Domain – Wrong modulation scheme PulsON Time Domain – Wrong modulation scheme

13. Brief History (1865-2002) 1865 - Experiments by Heinrich Hertz 1900s to 1950s - Communications goes Narrowband Marconi’s Morse-Code Telegraph - 1901 First Patents Filed for UWB related Technologies - 1950s & 60s Companies started to sell UWB products - 1980s & 90s 1970s to 1980s – UWB impulse radio invented 2002 – FCC approved UWB for unlicensed use under Part 15

14. 2003 January – IEEE 802.15.3a task group created 2003 to 2004- WiMedia Alliance was created (or MBOA) IEEE task group narrowed proposals to two (MB-OFDM & DS) - May 2003 WiMedia releases UWB specs and goes to ECMA Int. for standardization - 2004 IEEE 802.15.3a task group was mutually shut down without any conclusion - January 2006 2005- ECMA releases its UWB Standard (ECMA 368 & 369) Currently – WiMedia Alliance is working with global agencies to get ECMA UWB Standards approved world wide Brief History (2002-current)

15. UWB Theory of Operation Basic UWB Transmitter Block Diagram

16. UWB Theory of Operation Modulation π/4 QPSK or 4-QAM π/4 QPSK or 4-QAM Gray Coded Mapping Gray Coded Mapping Used for data rates from 80 to 200 Mb/s Used for data rates from 80 to 200 Mb/s 16-QAM or DCM 16-QAM or DCM Used for data rates from 320 Mb/s to 480 Mb/s Used for data rates from 320 Mb/s to 480 Mb/s

17. UWB Theory of Operation OFDM

18. OFDM Benefits Benefits Resistance to multi-path fading Resistance to multi-path fading Spectrum Spectrum Full ECMA standardized UWB spectrum Full ECMA standardized UWB spectrum UWB Spectrum 3.1 to 10.6 GHz 3.1 to 10.6 GHz 14 Sub-bands 14 Sub-bands UWB Theory of Operation -41.3 dBm/MHz -41.3 dBm/MHz FCC part 15 limit FCC part 15 limit

19. Multiband OFDM (MB-OFDM) Benefits Benefits Reduces Complexity Reduces Complexity Increases Robustness Increases Robustness UWB Theory of Operation

20. Actual Project Goals Developing a scaled-down transceiver pair by using: Developing a scaled-down transceiver pair by using: Simulink to create the baseband modulation models for the transmitter and receiver Simulink to create the baseband modulation models for the transmitter and receiver Digital Signal Processing (DSP) platforms to perform the baseband modulation Digital Signal Processing (DSP) platforms to perform the baseband modulation Radio Frequency (RF) components to perform quadrature modulation and up conversion Radio Frequency (RF) components to perform quadrature modulation and up conversion

21. Actual Project Goals Time constraints shaped the project goals and outcomes: Time constraints shaped the project goals and outcomes: Use a wired connection between Tx and Rx Use a wired connection between Tx and Rx Antenna research and design Antenna research and design Power limitations Power limitations

22. Actual Project Goals Consulted “Software Defined Radio” by Vercimak and Weyeneth Consulted “Software Defined Radio” by Vercimak and Weyeneth Used the paper for guidance on some of the difficult aspects of the transmitter and receiver. Used the paper for guidance on some of the difficult aspects of the transmitter and receiver.

23. Project Implementation Overall Model Block Diagram

24. Transmitter Simulink Model Transmitter Spectrum

25. Transmitter Preamble UWB Preamble Time Frequency Code 5 UWB Preamble Time Frequency Code 5 The only TF code that was for transmission in the 1 st sub band of band number one. The only TF code that was for transmission in the 1 st sub band of band number one. Preamble Length = 165 repeated 24 times Preamble Length = 165 repeated 24 times Autocorrelation of Preamble Autocorrelation of Preamble

26. Project Implementation Overall Model Block Diagram

27. Receiver Simulink Model

28. Receiver – Frame Sync.

30. Receiver Simulink Model

31. Receiver – Symbol Sync. Adapted Luke Vercimak’s Model to work with UWB model. Adapted Luke Vercimak’s Model to work with UWB model. Luke’s Project was implementation of OFDM Radio with 802.11 wireless standard (2006). Luke’s Project was implementation of OFDM Radio with 802.11 wireless standard (2006).

32. Receiver Simulink Model

33. RF Hardware RF components were ordered from Hittite Microwave Corporation. RF components were ordered from Hittite Microwave Corporation. Quadrature Modulator Quadrature Modulator Quadrature Demodulator Quadrature Demodulator Voltage Controlled Oscillator Voltage Controlled Oscillator

34. RF Hardware Quadrature Modulator

35. RF Hardware Quadrature Demodulator

36. RF Hardware Modulator Specifications DC to 700 MHz Baseband input DC to 700 MHz Baseband input Up to 6 dBm output power Up to 6 dBm output power 100 MHz to 4 GHz RF frequency range. 100 MHz to 4 GHz RF frequency range. Demodulator Specifications 100 MHz to 4 GHz RF frequency range. 100 MHz to 4 GHz RF frequency range.

37. Overall Hardware setup

38. Project Issues / Challenges Speed of converters on hardware Speed of converters on hardware DACs and ADCs max freq. = 96kHz DACs and ADCs max freq. = 96kHz For real UWB freq. = 528 MHz required For real UWB freq. = 528 MHz required Daughter-boards with faster converters Daughter-boards with faster converters Complexity of integration with Simulink is its own Senior Project. Complexity of integration with Simulink is its own Senior Project. Code-composer limitations Code-composer limitations Max of 7 simultaneous periodic sample rates. Max of 7 simultaneous periodic sample rates. Transmitter had 5-6 / Receiver had 13-15 Transmitter had 5-6 / Receiver had 13-15

39. Project Issues / Challenges Simulink Learning Curve Simulink Learning Curve Common misconception: Common misconception: “Simulink Blocks will automatically take care of all the little details.” “Simulink Blocks will automatically take care of all the little details.” Simulink requires that information being processed must enter a block at the same rate. Simulink requires that information being processed must enter a block at the same rate. Very useful tool but has many subtleties. Very useful tool but has many subtleties.

40. Results – Transmitter Able to port the Simulink model with Code- composer studio onto the DSP boards. Able to port the Simulink model with Code- composer studio onto the DSP boards.

41. Results – Transmitter

42. Results – Receiver Sync. UnsynchronizedSynchronized Frame Symbol Transmitted

43. RF Results Used HP ESG Signal Generator for I/Q baseband signals and local oscillator. Used HP ESG Signal Generator for I/Q baseband signals and local oscillator. Tested the modulator and demodulator using time and frequency domain measurements. Tested the modulator and demodulator using time and frequency domain measurements. All of the RF subsystem worked correctly. All of the RF subsystem worked correctly.

44. RF Results

45. Local Oscillator Signal Modulated data

46. RF Results In-phase input to modulator In-phase output from demodulator

47. Final Project Schedule

48. Future Project Goals Purchase a full-scaled development kit (if one exists). Purchase a full-scaled development kit (if one exists). Purchase Daughter Boards for the current TI DSPs. Purchase Daughter Boards for the current TI DSPs. New DSP platform with faster onboard peripherals. New DSP platform with faster onboard peripherals. Use the faster system to implement a high-speed wireless data system. Use the faster system to implement a high-speed wireless data system.

49. Conclusion UWB will revolutionize consumer electronics. UWB will revolutionize consumer electronics. It allows speeds up to USB 2.0 (480 Mb/s). It allows speeds up to USB 2.0 (480 Mb/s). Low interference/coexistence. Low interference/coexistence. Low power consumption. Low power consumption.

50. Questions ?? U W B Standards PS: Dr. Ahn is limited to a maximum of 3 questions.