1. The Science of the Violin How does it play??

2. Four Strings Four Strings Lower=Thicker Lower=Thicker Higher=Thinner Higher=Thinner Plucked or Stroked to vibrate

3. The horse hairs on the bow run across the violin strings to produce sound waves

4. Playing the Violin Bow strokes strings or Player plucks=Strings vibrate Sound is created! But…how????

5. Terminology Sound—a wave, vibration of the air Sound—a wave, vibration of the air Period—shows distance between two crests of a wave Period—shows distance between two crests of a wave Amplitude—the maximum elongation of the wave Amplitude—the maximum elongation of the wave Frequency—number of waves over a given amount of time Frequency—number of waves over a given amount of time

6. Sound Sound —a wave, vibration of the air Sound —a wave, vibration of the air If this were a bell and it was hit, the sound waves would travel outward in larger concentric circles

7. Sound Waves Amplitude—the maximum elongation of the wave Amplitude—the maximum elongation of the wave Amplitude determines the strength of the sound produced Amplitude determines the strength of the sound produced Greater Amplitude=Louder Sound Greater Amplitude=Louder Sound Amplitude decreases when distance of string is greater (less sound=longer length vibrating) Amplitude decreases when distance of string is greater (less sound=longer length vibrating)

8. Sound Waves Period—the distance between 2 crests Period—the distance between 2 crests Period determines the pitch Period determines the pitch Shorter Period=Higher Pitch Shorter Period=Higher Pitch

9. Sound Waves Frequency—number of waves over a given amount of time Frequency—number of waves over a given amount of time Lower Frequency (Greater Period) Lower Frequency (Greater Period) Higher Frequency (Shorter Period) Higher Frequency (Shorter Period)

10. Frequency Effects on Violin Altered by: Altered by: length and tension of string that is vibrating length and tension of string that is vibrating Higher frequency=Sharper sound Higher frequency=Sharper sound http://www.pinktentacle.com/2007/12/toyota- unveils-robot-violinist-video/ http://www.pinktentacle.com/2007/12/toyota- unveils-robot-violinist-video/

11. Review Identify labeled parts Demonstrate variations on your instrument

12. Summation Amplitude alters loudness Amplitude alters loudness Period alters pitch Period alters pitch Frequency alters sharpness Frequency alters sharpness

13. Put It All Together! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0pkigA pKEw&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0pkigA pKEw&feature=related