1. The Early Republic, 1789-1815 Characteristics:
Tumultuous change: Economic, Political, Social
National Identity
Emergence of Race theory/System of classification (Bruce Dain-Harvard)
Expansion
Federalist Era: (within larger historical era)
Dominated politics
Hatred of political parties/ but still emerged
Fiscal military state vs. rural agricultural state
By 1815 (Historian Gordon S. Wood)
Culture
End of slavery in North/ remained in South
Wanted to avoid war/ became embroiled in war

2. The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson, 1801-1809
Personal
Spoke six languages
Copy of Qu’ran ( volume)
Widowed
Conflicted about slavery
Opposed slave trade/only freed seven of hundreds of slaves/anti-Black sentiment
6,487 books- sold to Library of Congress
1819- Founded the University of Virginia.
Political Agenda: Overview
Promotion of political democracy and expansion
Yeoman farmer/ artisans, tradesman
Political democracy=economically independent citizenry
Decrease Executive branch
Legal precedent: Marbury vs. Madison (1803) Judicial review
Foreign Policy
Impulse: Expansion vs. Avoiding War
Haiti, Napoleon, and the Louisiana Purchase
Barbary States (North Africa)
Embargo Act (1807)

3. The Mind of Thomas Jefferson…
Social
Product of the Enlightenment
Education
Amendment/ failed
Six goals of Education
Jeffersonian Democracy
Narrow interpretation of Constitution
Opposed Federalist Party supported
The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth
Razor and glue. New Testament
1803 Letter -Dr. Benjamin Rush (Natchez, MS)
Composed it for himself
Notes of the State of Virginia. (1785)
Obsessed- connection between race and intelligence.
Inherent inferiority OR Decades of degrading enslavement.
Anti-Slavery Actions vs. Anti-Black Thought
1778- Virginia/ prohibit importation of slaves
1785-publically silent

4. A Hideous Monster of the Mind: American Race Theory in the Early Republic
Anti-slavery/Pro-Black Thought
English abolitionist- Granville Sharp
American abolitionist- Lemuel Haynes
Alaudah Equiano and John Marrant
Phillis Wheatley
Emergence of Race Theory
Assumptions of fundamental variations in humanity (physiology)
Exclusion from social contract and civil society.
Differences rooted in Nature.
Undid 18th century abolitionism
Ideology- Blackness becomes innate.
Development Via:
Political thought, natural science, moral philosophy, responses to Haitian revolution, colonization to Liberia, abolitionism, and ethnology.

5. Pirates in the Mediterranean: Northwest African Berber Muslim states and the United States
Setting the Stage: The Berbers in North Africa
Language: Barbary
The Barbary States: Tripoli, Algiers (Algeria) , Morocco=Piracy of Mediterranean shipping
Extort ransom, pillage, enslavement of crews
U.S.- Tribute to Barbary states (Hood tax to operate trade)
Spain: 1784 suggested to offer tribute
Envoys to Morocco and Algeria
Peace treaty 12 June 1786: ended all Moroccan piracy
Algiers: Capture of schooners Maria and Dauphin
Captive for a decade. $600,000 each state
1795: release of 115 sailors, over $1 million dollars
Jefferson refusal: Pasha of Tripoli, demand $225,000/cut down flagstaff
The First Barbary War
Second Barbary War: 1815.

6. Setting the Precedent: Judicial Review, One Big Land Purchase, and the Corps of Discovery…
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Problematic: John Adams Federalist “Midnight judges.”
Delivery of commissions to appointed judges
Federalist Judge Chief Justice John Marshall
End Result: Judicial Review.
The Louisiana Purchase ($15 mil.)
Men of the Western Waters
Napoleon’s Plans for Louisiana
Jefferson’s Plan to Secure Louisiana- New Orleans
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
Corps of Discovery
Sacajawea
Incorporating Louisiana: Division of territories.

7. Gossip and Conspiracies in the Early Republic
The Case of Sally Hemings (The Revolutionary Period)
Biracial: Enslaved Elizabeth Hemings and English Captain John Hemings
1774: property of Thomas Jefferson
Paris, 1787.
Six children*
Was not emancipated.
The Burr Conspiracy: A Treasonous Cabal and Texas Territory
: Travels to Texas Territory (Spanish).
Planters, Politicians, Army Officials. Plans in Newspaper, August 1805.
Arrest: 1806.
Trial: Charge of Treason. Not Guilty
Lack of Evidence
Legacy:
Privilege: Executive and States
Independence of Investigation:
Subpoenas: Issue of release of papers
Executive independent of Judiciary
President: Subject to Law

8. European Harassment and An Embargo
Harassment by Britain
Contest for world power:
Seized American citizens and property
Impressment: 2nd Jefferson Administration
1795 Jay Treaty: Did not address this issue
Forcibly seizing ships and sailors to work in Royal Navy
American warship the USS Chesapeake
Growing pressure for war
Embargo Act of 1807
Prohibited all foreign commerce/respect of American rights
Failed to compel
Jefferson-hypocrite- foe of excessive government/U.S. Navy patrols
Stimulated domestic manufacturing
Repealed: Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

9. Presidency of James Madison, 1809-1817
Characteristics
4th president: War and Domestic Policy
Term dominated by tensions with Britain
Pressured towards war with Great Britain- War of 1812
(Theatre of Napoleonic Wars)
Domestic Problems: War-hawks, the Indigenous, Frontier
Indigenous Policies
Paternalistic
Protected indigenous lands (military commander Andrew Jackson)
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)- Indiana Territory and Tecumseh
Economic Policies
Congress failed to re-authorize charter of first Bank of America
1816- signed act/ federal bank supported war
Taxation: tariffs, professional military, internal improvements (Henry Clay)
Vetoed Bonus Bill of 1817: financed roads, bridges, canals

10. The War of 1812 Causes Violation of American Rights
Increased British navy aggression
Royal Navy boarded ships/Impressed its seamen
Expansion
Armed indigenous in Northwest Territory- “buffer zone”
War Hawks: supported war
Economic Motivations:
Unfinished business from American Revolution
Failure of Embargo Act 1807
War or Absolute submission
Incidents
1807: HMS Leopard & American warship USS Chesapeake
Leander Affair: Jefferson banned British ships in ports
Napoleon’s Continental System (1806) and British Orders in Council (1807)
900 American ships seized
1 June 1812: Madison outlines grievances against Britain

11. Course of War of 1812 Course of War Land, Coasts, and Waterways
The War in the South
Creek War: Andrew Jackson ( )
Began as Civil War within Creek Nation
Red Sticks
Battle of Burnt Corn: U.S. Involvement
Tecumseh
Fort Mims Massacre: massacre against whites and biracial Creeks
Treaty of 1814: Language. 20 million acres of Georgia land
Battle of New Orleans
The War in the Chesapeake
British response to burning of York in Upper Canada
Burned White House in 1814
Francis Scott Key: The Star Spangled Banner

12. Dolley Madison and Washington City
National Capital
Land given by Maryland
Jefferson: “Dismal Indian swamp”
Dolley Madison
17 years younger
Social graces and hospitality
Stand-in for First Lady of Jefferson
Architect Benjamin Latrobe
Burning of Washington, 1814
Statue of George Washington
Organized enslaved to save valuables
Paul Jennings: James Madison’s personal servant (15 years old)
Purchased freedom from Dolley Madison
Reconstruction
2009 Jennings reunion/ Enslaved Contributions/ White House

13. Treaty of Ghent: 24 December 1814
Key Points
Conditions of pre-war status
Arranged prior to Battle of New Orleans
Status quo antebellum
Released all prisoners
Restored all war lands and boats
British- return of freed Black slaves