1. ECONOMICS IN SOUTHWEST ASIA
SS7E5 The student will analyze different economic systems.
SS7E6 The student will explain how voluntary trade benefits buyers and sellers in Southwest Asia
SS7E7 The student will describe the factors that cause economic growth and examine their presence or absence in Israel, Saudi Arabia and Iran
ECONOMICS IN SOUTHWEST ASIA

2. ELEMENTS
Compare how traditional, command, and market economies answer the economic questions of (1) what to produce, (2) how to produce, and (3) for whom to produce.
Explain how most countries have a mixed economy located on a continuum between pure market and pure command.
Compare and contrast the economic systems in Israel, Saudi Arabia and Turkey
Explain how specialization encourages trade between countries.
Compare and contrast different types of trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas, and embargos
Explain the primary function of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Explain why international trade requires a system for exchanging currencies between nations.
Explain the relationship between investment in human capital (education and training) and gross domestic product (GDP).
Explain the relationship between investment in capital (factories, machinery, and technology) and gross domestic product (GDP).
Explain the role of oil in these countries’ economies
Describe the role of entrepreneurship

3. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
How do the traditional, command, and market economies of Southwest Asia countries answer the economic questions of (1) what to produce, (2) how to produce, and (3) for whom to produce?
Where are the economic systems of Southwest Asia located on a continuum between pure market and pure command?
What are the similarities and differences between the economic systems in Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey?
How does specialization encourage trade between countries in Southwest Asia?
How are tariffs, quotas, and embargos barriers to trade in Southwest Asia?
What is primary function of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)?
Why does international trade require a system for exchanging currencies between nations?
What is the relationship between investment in human capital (education and training) and gross domestic product (GDP)?
What is the relationship between investment in capital (factories, machinery, and technology) and gross domestic product (GDP)?
What is the role of oil in economies of the countries of Southwest Asia?
What is the role of entrepreneurship in Southwest Asia?

4. What is an Economic System?
Every society, whether a country, state, city, town, has an economic system
An economic system is how a society organizes the production, consumption and distribution of goods and services

5. Systems of Economy There are three main types of economic systems
Traditional
Found mostly in societies that are based on farming
People produce enough goods to survive
Either by farming, gathering or hunting
Make their own clothes and tools
Anything extra is usually traded
Command
Government controls what is produced, how things are produced
Government has all the resources and dictates what is to be made and who gets the product
Decisions made on wealth, class status or by position in a waiting line
Market
Based on what the consumers of the country want to buy and sell
Supply and demand determines what is produced and how it is produced
People may own their own businesses
Who gets a product determines how much they can afford to buy it

6. Countries with Different Systems
NORTH KOREA
PAKISTAN
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

7. The Idea of Mixed Economy
Most countries in the world have a mixed economy
Most are in between command and market economies
Because of growing populations, citizens acquiring more rights, the addition of resources and government changes, countries have moved towards mixed economies
Examples of countries with mixed economies
United States
England
France
South Africa

8. Economic System of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia started as a traditional economy in the 1930s, but after oil was discovered the economy became a command economy. The government controls most of the oil and it funds education, defense, transportation and health. In the 1980s, the country would add power and natural gas as businesses, now having a mixed market economy, with a large part of the income coming from private businesses, but oil still brings in most of the income. Saudi Arabia is training young entreupreners to start their own businesses

9. Economic System of Israel
Israel has a mixed market economy, but has issues with immigration and fighting with other countries. The government and private companies control the economy, but the country has few natural resources, which causes them to import many goods. A lot of workers come to Israel to work in service (tourism, banking, retail). Israel also grows its own food and has to irrigate for water. The United States helps out the country in terms of providing economic aid. Israel also gets income from mining, manufacturing and diamonds

10. Economic System of Turkey
Turkey started with a command economy back in the 1920s. The government invested in dams, ports, railways and roads and developed steel and weapons production industries. Turkey now has a mixed market economy, with a large farming and textile industry. Turkey has begun to have many private businesses enter the country and is a big trader with Western Europe. Because of trade with Europe, they are pushing to join the European Union, which would boost their economy through loans and funding.

11. Specialization
The act of concentrating on a limited number of goods and activities to trade
Helps people and companies use resources more efficiently
Allows for increased production and consumption of goods and services

12. Types of Trade Barriers
Tariffs
Taxes on imported goods
Quotas
Restrictions on the amount of a good that can be imported into a country
Embargos
Forbids or disallows trade with other countries

13. The Impact of OPEC
OPEC stands for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
12 member organization
Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait are members from SW Asia
OPEC seeks to unify petroleum prices so the oil market is stable worldwide as well makes policies on oil trade and production
Has control over prices, which effects prices of gas

14. Currency Exchange in Southwest Asia
Currency is the type of money used to exchange or purchase goods
The system of exchanging money internationally is called foreign exchange
Currency in SW Asia
Israel - Israel shekel
Saudi Arabia - Riyal
Jordan - Dinar
Turkey - Lira
Afghanistan - Afghanis

15. Capital and Human Capital vs. GDP
The knowledge and skills that allow for people to make goods and services for society
Factors
Training and education
Capital
Things that are used to make other goods
Factories, technology and machines
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The total market value of the goods and services produced by a country’s economy during a specific period of time
Used by economists to determine how healthy or unhealthy a country is

16. Human Capital, Capital and GDP
The relationship between human capital and GDP is if a country has good source of human capital, the GDP tends to be higher
The relationship between capital and GDP is the more capital in a country, the healthier the country is in the long term

17. The Impact of Oil on SW ASia
Oil is the most important natural resource in Southwest Asia
Oil affects countries differently, depending on their access to it
The countries that have the most oil are usually the controlling and powerful countries in the region

18. Entrepreneurship
An entrepreneur is someone who has an idea for a good or service and takes risks to produce the good or service
Entrepreneurs know of the risks before the product is produced
Entrepreneurs help the economy to grow based on borrowing funds, use capital and human capital and natural resources
Southwest Asia is mixed with it’s entrepreneurship, as countries are pushing to grow private businesses