1. Neotech Institute of Technology1 Neotech Institute of technology Department of Civil Engineering Students name:- Patel Veeral M Shah Akshat J Shaikh Zishanahmed A Yadav Pranshul Yadav Umakant Guided By:- Daivakshi B. Bhatt Ruchi P. Barve

2. History of Bricks: Bricks are one of the oldest types of building blocks. They are an ideal building material because they are relatively cheap to make, very durable, and require little maintenance. A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid using various kinds of mortar. Bricks dated 10,000 years old were found in the Middle East. The first sun-dried bricks were made in Mesopotamia (what is now Iraq), in the ancient city of Ur in about 4000 BC

5. Bricks are manufactured by molding clay in rectangles blocks of uniform size, drying them and then burning them in klin. Composition of brick earth Alumina 20 to 30%: it gives plasticity to the bricks Silica 50 to 60%: it is hard cementing material. Cracking and shrinking of bricks are being prevented by the presence of silica. Lime 4 to 6%: this component makes burning and hardening of bricks quicker. Iron oxides 4 to 6%: it impart red colour to the bricks. Magnesium a small quantity: it impart yellowish tint to the bricks and decrease the shrinkage.

6. Types of bricks 1.Conventional bricks or traditional : it is not standardized in size. Bricks are prepared in various size. The length varies from 20 to 25cm, width varies from 10 to 23cm. Commonly adopted size is 23cm*11.4cm*7.5cm 2.Standard bricks or modular bricks: size is fixed by Bureau of Indian standard institution (BIS). Actual size of modular brick is 19cm* 9cm* 9cm. With mortar thickness, size is becomes 20cm*10cm*10cm.

7. Classification of bricks 1.First class brick 2.Second class brick 3.Third class brick 4.Fourth class brick First class brick 1.Water absorption less than 20% 2.Used for face-worked structure Second class brick 1.Water absorption 20 TO 22% 2.Bricks are used for superior work

8. Third class brick 1.Water absorption 22 TO 25% 2.The Bricks are slightly soft 3.These Bricks are used for unimportant and temporary structures. Fourth class brick 1.FOURTH CLASS Bricks are over burnt 2.They are irregular in shape and dark in color. 3.They are used as metal or aggregates for concrete in foundation, floors, roads, etc…..

9. Qualities of good brick 1.Should have regular size and shape 2.Should have uniform and brick-red colour 3.Should have compact uniform texture 4.No impression should be left when scratched 5.Struck together they should produce metallic ringing sound. 6.Should not break in to pieces when dropped from a height of 1m 7.Should be table molded, well burnt and free from cracks 8.Should not absorb more than one sixth of its weight of water when immersed in water 9.It should have a good strength

10. Use of bricks : 1.Bricks are extensively used as BUILDING blocks 2.First class Bricks are used in ARCHITECTURAL compositions and face work of a structure. 3.Fire Bricks are used for lining of evens, furnaces, chimneys etc….. 4.Bricks are used for sewer lining. 5.Bricks are also used for foot-paths and paving 6.The first class and second class bricks are widely used for all sorts of sound work i.e. buildings, roads, dams, bridge piers, tunnels, pitching works.etc. 7.The third class bricks are used for temporary buildings. 8.The fourth class bricks are used as road metal and as ballast which is used in foundations, floors, roofs etc.

11. Advantages of bricks : * Brick will not burn, buckle or melt. * Brick will not rot and allow Termites to invade. * Brick will not rust and corrode. * Brick will not dent. * Brick will not fade from the Sun's UV Rays. * Brick will not be damaged by high winds, rain or hail. * Brick will not require constant maintenance. * Brick will not devalue. * Brick will not limit your personal expression. * Brick will not limit your design options.

12. Bricks Bricks manufacturing process flow

13. PROPOERTIES OF BRICKS The most important properties of brick are 1) durability, 2) color, 3) texture, 4) size variation, 5) compressive strength and 6) absorption. Durability: – The durability of brick depends upon achieving incipient fusion and partial verification during firing. Because compressive strength and absorption values are also related to the firing temperatures, these properties, together with saturation coefficient, are currently taken as predictors of durability in brick specifications.

14. Texture: – Coatings and Glazes : Many brick have smooth or sand-finished textures produced by the dies or molds used in forming. – A smooth texture, commonly referred to as a die skin results from pressure exerted by the steel die as the clay passes through it in the extrusion process. Color: – The color of fired clay depends upon its chemical composition, the firing temperatures and the method of firing control.

15. Compressive Strength and Absorption Both compressive strength and absorption are affected by properties of the clay, method of manufacture and degree of firing. For a given clay and method of manufacture, higher compressive strength values and lower absorption values are associated with higher firing temperatures. Although absorption and compressive strength can be controlled by manufacturing and firing methods, these properties depend largely upon the properties of the raw materials.

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21. Thank you 21