1. An Era of Exploration 1400’s – 1600’s

2. 11/3 Warm-Up Finish this statement with three different answers: The goal of exploration is to find new …

3. 11/3 Warm-Up Territory Routes Resources Riches Technology Ideas

4. The Age of Exploration 1400’s – 1600’s Other names for The Age of Exploration: 1. The Age of Discovery: - Advances in geographic knowledge and technology - Search for new routes - New age of scientific and intellectual curiosity 2. The Age of Reconnaissance: - Military exploration of new territories 3. The Age of Expansion: - Migration of Europeans to other parts of the world

5. 1. 14th century Europe began trading with Asian people in areas like China or India. They brought back silk, spices, and other luxuries. Reasons The Age of Exploration Began 3. Italy controlled the Mediterranean Sea. If explorers wanted to go to Asia, they had to pay the Italian tax. The voyage was too long, dangerous, and expensive with tolls. 4. The Renaissance & The Crusades encouraged Europeans to look beyond The Old World. 5. Scientific Progress - Larger ships (caravel) - New inventions aided travel (compass) 6. The Three G’s: God, Gold, and Glory 2. Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire in 1453

6. Exploration was all about finding a way to Asia by avoiding Italy.

7. Financing An Explorer Explorers acted as salesmen, shopping their proposed expeditions from one government (court) to the next. Explorers needed investors to pay for: 1. Sailing vessels 2. Crew 3. Supplies Investors were usually governments or corporations (East India Company) Decision: risk vs. reward - 15 th century gambling

8. Imperialism When a country attempts to influence or control another area in the world.

9. Law of the Land 3. Divine Right: The oldest citizen of each nation is that country’s monarch. a. Wears the crown. b. Will stand when the country has completed forming its question or statement. c. Will provide the country’s final answer to the question posed. d. Has final decision on which territory to claim. 1.Each country and each explorer will receive a bag of words. 2. At the signal, countries and explorers open their bags and assemble the words inside to create a question or statement that matches mine. 4.Once a monarch stands, no citizen groups may touch the word pieces. The order of completion will be recorded. 5. After a check for accuracy, the first four countries that correctly organized the question or statement will have a chance, in the order they finished, to choose the correct answer from among a set of choices. 6. The first country that can correctly answer the question will win territory. 7. The monarch will claim an available territory from the world map displayed and give one reason as to why the country wants that territory. 8. If an explorer correctly answers the question first, (s)he has been commissioned by the country of their choice and may join that nation. 9. If any citizen or explorer is off-task, it will be regarded as discontent within the region and the country will be forfeit land rights for that round.

11. Question 1 The first Americans could have arrived from all except: B A. China B. Africa C. Polynesia D. Japan

13. A A. The Sea of Darkness B. The Great Monster C. Waters of Doom D. The Belly of The Beast Question 2 What was the European nickname for the Atlantic?

15. Question 3 Which area was not settled by the Vikings? B A. Greenland B. Ireland C. Norway D. Iceland

17. Question 4 The Vikings were superior at what craft? D A. Farming B. Metalworking C. Animal herding D. Shipbuilding

19. Question 5 Who was the first European to reach N. America in 1001? C A. Eric The Red B. Ferdinand Magellan C. Leif Ericson D. Christopher Columbus

21. Question 6 In what country was Christopher Columbus born? A A. Italy B. Spain C. Portugal D. England

23. Question 7 For what country did Christopher Columbus sail? B A. Italy B. Spain C. Portugal D. England

25. Question 8 What was the name of one of Columbus’s ships? C A. The Deliverance B. The Mayflower C. The Santa Maria D. The Jolly Roger

27. Question 9 How many crew members were with Columbus? B A. 900 B. 90 C. 19 D. 9

29. Question 10 Why did Columbus change course on October 7, 1492? D A. Spotted land B. Rough seas C. Follow another vessel D. Follow a flock of birds

31. Question 11 On his first voyage, where did Columbus actually land? C A. Roanoke B. Indonesia C. The Bahamas D. Islands off of India

33. Question 12 How many total trips did Columbus make to America? D A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

35. Question 13 Which is not true about Christopher Columbus? A A. Wished his name on N.A. B. Served as a governor C. Arrested and imprisoned D. Died broke & an outcast

37. Question 14 Until a line was drawn, which two countries disputed land? D A. England & France B. France & Spain C. Italy & Portugal D. Spain & Portugal

39. Question 15 Which explorer first reached India by going around Africa? B A. Ferdinand Magellan B. Vasco Da Gama C. Bartolomeu Diaz D. Vasco Nunez de Balboa

41. Question 16 Which good did Europeans get from the Americas? C A. Oranges B. Cattle C. Corn D. Bananas

43. Question 17 Which good did Native Americans get from Europe? A A. Horses B. Potatoes C. Canoes D. Beans

45. Question 18 Why was America named after Amerigo Vespucci? B A. First to discover it B. First to identify it C. First to explore it D. First to sail around it

47. Question 19 Which explorer looked for a legendary Fountain of Youth? C A. Hernando De Soto B. Peter Minuit C. Juan Ponce De Leon D. Bartolome De Las Casas

49. Question 20 Which explorer looked for The Seven Cities of Gold? A A. Francisco Coronado B. Hernando Cortez C. Francisco Pizzaro D. Hernando De Soto

51. Question 21 Which French explorer first navigated the St. Lawrence? D A. Samuel De Champlain B. Jacques Marquette C. Robert De La Salle D. Jacques Cartier

53. Question 22 Which English explorer sailed for the English and Dutch? C A. John Cabot B. Captain John Smith C. Henry Hudson D. Sir Walter Raleigh

55. Direct Rule The conquering country puts its own leaders in charge. Advantage: - Trust in leadership Disadvantages: - People resent leaders - Constant threat of revolt

56. Indirect Rule Leave existing leaders in charge & rule through them Advantage: - People more likely to listen to their own rulers Disadvantages: - Less trust in leadership - How well are instructions carried out? - Could organize rebellion

57. The Vikings Homeland: Cold weather and poor soil. Fierce warriors from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark that terrorized the people of Europe. Attacked villages for loot, not to murder. Settled in Iceland and Greenland Finest shipbuilders of the time: Built swift, light boats that could travel far Known for their conquests but could be farmers, merchants & crafts workers. Europeans settled into Feudalism, which helped protect them from Viking attacks. Europeans became afraid of The Atlantic Ocean: Called The Sea of Darkness or The Green Sea of Doom.

58. Early Voyages to the Americas Real evidence has been hard to find Numerous theories: 1. Asians continued crossing Bering Sea. 2. Polynesian seafarers 3. Chinese and Japanese fishing boats that blew off course

59. Leif Ericson The son of Eric The Red In 1001, he became the first European to reach the coast of North America. Called it Vineland because he believed there were many grapes growing there. They were actually berries. Settlement of Vinland was located in present-day Newfoundland. Vikings did not stay long in Vinland and no one is sure why they left.

61. Explorers Before Columbus 1. Prince Henry The Navigator (Portugal) - Hoped to reach Asia by rounding Africa but ended up trading European goods for gold & ivory and setting up slave trading posts along African coast. 2. Bartolomeu Diaz (Portugal) - Reached the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope), proving there was an all water route to Asia, but his men refused to travel further and he was forced to turn back.

62. ChristopherColumbus 1451-1506 Italian sea captain His plan: Enterprise of The Indies Sail west across Atlantic to Asia. He believed it would be a shorter trip than traveling around Africa. In 1484 Portugal said no. They had already found a water route to China by going around Africa. Like all explorers, he needed financing (money and supplies) and shopped his idea.

63. Spain Signs On King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella eventually support the voyage for two reasons: 1.Competition with Portugal 2.Spread Christianity Columbus is given three ships: The Nina The Pinta The Santa Maria Crew: 90 sailors Depart August 3, 1492

64. Tierra! Tierra! Two months at sea, 29 days without seeing land, and threat of mutiny. October 7: Changed course to follow flocks of birds flying southwest. October 12: Lookout on Pinta spotted land. Columbus convinced he reached East Indies in Asia. Actually landed on San Salvador Island in The Bahamas. Became known as The West Indies. Called the local people Indians.

66. Spain Authorizes Colonies 1493: Columbus establishes the first Spanish colony in the Americas on Hispaniola. (Present day Haiti & Dominican Republic) Columbus returns successful 1.Gifts: New trade goods & Indians (Tainos) 2.Named Admiral of the Ocean Sea 3.Future voyages (three more) are financed Colony: A group of people who settle in a distant land who are still ruled by the government of their native land. Columbus was a harsh, unsuccessful governor. - Investigated, returned to Spain in shackles, tried, imprisoned, later pardoned. Columbus died still convinced he had reached Asia.

68. The Line of Demarcation In 1493, the Pope drew an imaginary line to settle land claim disputes between Spain and Portugal. The Line of Demarcation was 100 leagues (320 miles) west of the Cape Verde islands and ran from pole to pole. All land west would belong to Spain. All land east would belong to Portugal. Portugal protested the line and in the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 it was moved west 270 leagues. (Allowed Portugal to claim Brazil) English, French, and Dutch explorers ignored the line.

70. SpainPortugal

71. ExplorersAfterColumbus 1. Vasco Da Gama (Portugal) - Became the first European to reach India by sea by going around the Cape of Good Hope. 2. Pedro Cabral (Portugal) - Attempted to repeat Da Gama’s voyage with a larger fleet but was blown off course and explored South America.

72. ExplorersAfterColumbus 3. Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spain) - Crossing through the jungles of Panama, he reached the Pacific Ocean and claimed it for Spain. 4. Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) - First to circumnavigate, or sail completely around, the world.

73. Magellan was killed in the Philippine islands and never completed the voyage. Departure: 5 ships and 265 men Arrival: 1 ship and 17 men

74. Columbus’s Legacy False: Columbus discovered America. - Native Americans had already settled. True: Columbus’s voyages marked the beginning of a lasting relationship between Europe, Africa, and The Americas. (Columbus as Matchmaker) Turning Point: A moment in history that marks a decisive change.

75. The Columbian Exchange A global exchange of goods, services, and cultural ideas that began with Columbus’s voyages. European goods changed the Americas: 1. Domestic animals like chickens, pigs, cattle, and horses 2. Plants like bananas, lemons, oranges, figs, bluegrass, daisy, and dandelions 3. Diseases like smallpox and influenza American goods changed Europe, Africa, & Asia: 1. Food crops like corn, potatoes, beans, tomatoes, squash 2. Skills like trapping, wearing snowshoes, building canoes 3. Political structures like The League of the Iroquois

77. Amerigo Vespucci 1454-1512 Italian sent to Spain in 1492 Went on first expedition as a navigator in 1499. Reached the mouth of the Amazon River and explored South America. On his second voyage in 1501, he described his trip to South America and was the first to identify the New World as separate from Asia. Letters wildly more popular than Columbus’s diary. Named Pilot Major of Spain in 1508 Inspired name for America: German Martin Waldseemuller