1. Early French Settlement Social Studies 9

2. Sieur de Roberval At the time of Cartier’s 3 rd voyage Arrived as Cartier leaving Ordered Cartier to stay Cartier snuck back to France Attempt to settle on St. Lawrence a failure Harshness of climate and bad relations with Natives

3. Why Settle? Fish & Fur Fishing boats arrived & left each year Salted fish onboard (called green method) Salt was expensive Started drying fish on shore Traded with natives Fur trade began Beaver hats and fur coats popular in Europe

4. Each spring, traders raced to NA to get best furs Staying the winter would give trade advantage But a long time went by… …60 years later…

5. Time to Settle Down French wanted to claim land Other countries were building colonies King offered a trade monopoly (exclusive right to trade in an area) to those that paid the expense of settling

6. Acadia 1604 de Monts & Samuel de Champlain Settled on Ile Ste. Croix on Bay of Fundy In winter, lacked wood, food Scurvy set in; nearly half died

8. Port Royal 1605 moved across to Port Royal Better prepared for winter Formed the Order of Good Cheer to keep spirits up Celebrated every two weeks Included local Micmac “The Theatre of Neptune” by Marc Lescarbot, first play performed in Canada

9. Port Royal King removed monopoly Too far from centre of fur trade Site abandoned Later reoccupied; settlers were ancestors of Acadians

10. Samuel de Champlain

11. Champlain Soldier, explorer, geographer Told to make first permanent on St. Lawrence “Father of New France” 1608 chose site at old Native village of Stadacona Built “Habitation” at Quebec beside river on high cliff Mutiny crushed early on

12. Scurvy a problem Needed more men Champlain made trips to France to gain settlers Merchants feared settlers would disturb trade

13. Champlain and Natives Champlain knew importance of Natives French were outnumbered Natives could trap beaver Algonquins and Montagnais asked him to help them attack Iroquois Met at battle near Lake Champlain Arquebus (gun) killed two Iroquois & scared rest away

14. Champlain and Natives Made Iroquois enemies Iroquois became friends with English to south

15. Champlain’s Exploration Traveled and mapped up Ottawa River, Georgian Bay in Huron territory Joined Huron in attack on Iroquois Spent the winter with Huron Died in 1635 in Quebec