1. Limited Government U.S., Argentina Brazil, Peru Multi party, free elections Limits placed on rulers Limited by laws/constitution Freedom of Speech Protects Human Rights

2. Unlimited Government Cuba, Soviet Union One-party rule No elections or controlled elections Written laws suspended or not upheld Repression of rights Rights suspended by rulers Control in hands of ruler or appointees

3. Reasons for limiting Government Human rights Economic Freedom Tyranny Magna Carta Bill of Rights U.S. citizenship vs. selected countries Roles of federal, state, and local governments

4. Human Rights Protect against discrimination based on Race/color Birth or status Gender/age Language/religion property Political opinion Social or national origin

5. Examples of Human Rights abuses Hindu extremist movement in India (anti-Sikh; anti-Muslim) Civil war/ethnic conflict Rwanda Persecution of Christians under Islamic law Sudan Censorship of the press (Argentina, Brazil, Peru) Suppression of student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square Repression of protest, restricted on Internet access Myanmar

6. Rule by one monarchy dictatorship Divine right or hereditary rights Birth or God determines who rules Complete control of government unlimited Cuba, North Korea Peru under Fujimori

7. Rule by few Small group has power oligarchy Seize power after an overthrow junta Usually unlimited Iran, Nepal, Vietnam Military dictatorships in Argentina and Brazil Military junta in Myanmar

8. Rule by many People have power republic democracy Limited government elections U.S., Germany, Israel Present-day Argentina, Brazil, and Peru Japan, South Korea, The Philippines, Thailand

9. Historic Democratic government Athens beginnings of democratic system Legacies of ancient Greeks Ancient Romans Formation of democratic societies Development of democratic society Democracy in U.S. Magna Carta