1. Necrobacillosis

3. Def : Infectious disease of animals caused by Fusobacterium necroforum (Spheropherous necrophorum) Characterized by necrotizing lesions in the alimentary tract,liver and respiratory system.

4.  Different conditions produced by the organism in different animals In Cattle :  liver necrosis  Ulcerative rumenitis  Ulcerative &necrotizing stomatitis and enteritis  Necrosis of tail, teat,limbs and feet  Foot rot (pododermatitis )

5. Necrotic Stomatitis Foot rot

6. Necrobacillosis In calves  Calf diphtheria  Bronchopneumonia, purulent or necrotic pneumonia and pleurisy  Acute catarrhal, ulcerative or necrotic enteritis  Calf usually dies after 4-5 days due to pneumonia and toxemia

7. Necrobacillosis In sheep  Foot rot  Lip and leg ulceration

8. Necrobacillosis In horse :  Severe necrotizing disease of feet  Gangrenous dermatitis ch’ch’ by sharply demarcated necrosis.  It is associated with fistulus withers  ulcerative enteritis in foals

9. Route of infection Secondary invasion following mucosal damage or viral Ds. ( oral wound, trauma, eruption of teeth ) (predisposing causes)

10.  The organism invade the damaged mucosa and produce Endo&Exo toxins leading to Necrosis.

11. Spread of infection within the infected animal :  Aspiration of necrotic material lung Gangrenous Pneumonia.  Ingestion of necrotic material Oesophagus Stomach Intestine necrotic enteritis  Emboli Circulation Necrotic lesions in different organs.

12. Spread of infection within the infected animal :  Hepatic necrobacillosis observed in lambs and calves following omphalophlebitis or as a complication after ruminitis in cattle.  Infection of vagina and uterus after parturition as contamination after inflammatory genital diseases.

13.  Large well demarcated yellowish gray dry areas of necrosis surrounded by a hyperaemic zone on the tongue, gum, palate,cheeks and pharynx.  Necrotic areas project above the mucosal surface Sloughs Deep ulcer  Diphtheric membrane of fibrinonecrotic exudate on the buccal mucosa, pharynx and larynx  Toe abscess and cellulitis may occur in sheep

17. Structureless area of necrosis surrounded by hyperaemic zone and leucocytes, later by thick capsule of granulation tissue

18. Hepatic necrobacillosis

20. Ch’ch’ by pseudomembrane formation (fibrinonecrotic exudate on the top of deep ulcers )