1. CULTURE BELIEF SYSTEMSBELIEF SYSTEMS NORMSNORMS VALUESVALUES TOTAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, BEHAVIORSTOTAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, BEHAVIORS PRACTICED BY PEOPLEPRACTICED BY PEOPLE

2. CULTURE GROUPS FOLKFOLK SMALLSMALL HOMOGENOUSHOMOGENOUS RURALRURAL COHESIVE IN CULTURAL TRAITSCOHESIVE IN CULTURAL TRAITS POPULAR LARGE HETEROGENOUS URBAN CHANGING CULTURAL TRAITS

3. FOLK LOCALLOCAL GROUP IN A PLACEGROUP IN A PLACE COLLECTIVE OR COMMUNITYCOLLECTIVE OR COMMUNITY SHARE EXPERIENCES, CUSTOMS, TRAITSSHARE EXPERIENCES, CUSTOMS, TRAITS GOAL: PRESERVE ABOVE TO CLAIM UNIQUENESS AND DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES FROM OTHERSGOAL: PRESERVE ABOVE TO CLAIM UNIQUENESS AND DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES FROM OTHERS

4. FOLK CULTURAL TRAITSCULTURAL TRAITS DRESS, DWELLINGS, TRADITIONS, INSTITUTIONSDRESS, DWELLINGS, TRADITIONS, INSTITUTIONS A SINGLE ELEMENT OF NORMAL PRACTICEA SINGLE ELEMENT OF NORMAL PRACTICE

5. THINK ON THESE… AMISHAMISH ST. PATRICK’S DAYST. PATRICK’S DAY POLISH AMERICANS, SWEDISH AMERICANSPOLISH AMERICANS, SWEDISH AMERICANS

6. LOCAL CONSTANT REFINING, REDEFINING DUE TO INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CULTURES AND DIFFUSION OF CULTURAL TRAITSCONSTANT REFINING, REDEFINING DUE TO INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CULTURES AND DIFFUSION OF CULTURAL TRAITS ESTABLISHED “HOODS”, CHURCHES, CENTERSESTABLISHED “HOODS”, CHURCHES, CENTERS EXPRESS MATERIAL CULTUREEXPRESS MATERIAL CULTURE THINGS CONSTRUCTED: ART, THINGS CONSTRUCTED: ART, HOUSES, CLOTHING, SPORTS, FOOD HOUSES, CLOTHING, SPORTS, FOOD EXPRESS NONMATERIAL CULUREEXPRESS NONMATERIAL CULURE BELIEFS, PRACTICES, AESTHETICS BELIEFS, PRACTICES, AESTHETICS (PERCEIVED ATTRACTIONS), VALUES (PERCEIVED ATTRACTIONS), VALUES

7. RECALL CULTURAL DIFFUSION TYPES 1. EXPANSION, SPREAD OF IDEA OR INNOVATION THRU POP IN INCREASING NUMBERS1. EXPANSION, SPREAD OF IDEA OR INNOVATION THRU POP IN INCREASING NUMBERS A. HIERARCHICAL, SPREAD I. OR INN. FIRST, AMONG CONNECTED PEOPLE AND PLACES B. CONTAGIOUS, DISTANCE CONTROLLED SPREAD OF I. OR INN. THRU POP BY PERSON TO PERSON CONTACT C. STIMULUS, CULTURAL ADAPTATION IS CREATED AS A RESULT OF INTRODUCTION OF CUL. TRAIT FROM ANOTHER PLACE EX. INDIA, HAMBURGER 2. RELOCATION, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE WITH I. OR INN. TO A NEW LOCALE TO DISSEMINATE2. RELOCATION, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE WITH I. OR INN. TO A NEW LOCALE TO DISSEMINATE A. ETHNIC “HOODS”, NYC MARATHON

8. LOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURES SUMMATIVE STATEMENTSUMMATIVE STATEMENT LOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURES AFFECT PEOPLE AND PLACES ON DIFFERENT SCALESLOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURES AFFECT PEOPLE AND PLACES ON DIFFERENT SCALES

9. THINK EMPLOYING THE CONCEPT OF HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION, DESCRIBE HOW YOU BECAME A “KNOWER” OF YOUR FAVORITE KIND OF MUSIC.EMPLOYING THE CONCEPT OF HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION, DESCRIBE HOW YOU BECAME A “KNOWER” OF YOUR FAVORITE KIND OF MUSIC. WHERE IS ITS HEARTH?WHERE IS ITS HEARTH? HOW DID IT REACH YOU?HOW DID IT REACH YOU?

10. HOW ARE LOCAL CULTURES SUSTAINED? 1.ASSIMILATION, LOSING ORIGINAL TRAITS TO THE NEW CUL. OR SOCIETY1.ASSIMILATION, LOSING ORIGINAL TRAITS TO THE NEW CUL. OR SOCIETY 2.CUSTOM, ROUTINE PRACTICE IN CULTURE2.CUSTOM, ROUTINE PRACTICE IN CULTURE 3.ISOLATION3.ISOLATION 4.ACCULTURATION, is the exchange of cultural features that results when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first hand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct4.ACCULTURATION, is the exchange of cultural features that results when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first hand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct

11. HOW IS POPULAR CULTURE DIFFUSED? AGRICULTURE, 10,000 YRSAGRICULTURE, 10,000 YRS PRINTING PRESS, IND. REV., 100 YRSPRINTING PRESS, IND. REV., 100 YRS FACEBOOK, HOURSFACEBOOK, HOURS PACE OF DIFFUSION HAS CHANGED!PACE OF DIFFUSION HAS CHANGED! HOW?HOW?

12. DIFFUSION TECH. HAS ALTERED DISTANCE DECAY, DIFFUSION DECREASES AS TIME AND DISTANCE FROM THE CUL. HEARTH INCREASES.TECH. HAS ALTERED DISTANCE DECAY, DIFFUSION DECREASES AS TIME AND DISTANCE FROM THE CUL. HEARTH INCREASES. WITH TIME-SPACE COMPRESSION (TSC), DIFFUSION DEPENDS ON CONNECTIVITY IN COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORATION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG PLACES.WITH TIME-SPACE COMPRESSION (TSC), DIFFUSION DEPENDS ON CONNECTIVITY IN COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORATION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG PLACES. POP. CUL. DIFFUSE HEIRARCHICALLY IN “TSC” WITH DIFFUSION HAPPENING THE FASTEST IN COMPRESSED SPACES.POP. CUL. DIFFUSE HEIRARCHICALLY IN “TSC” WITH DIFFUSION HAPPENING THE FASTEST IN COMPRESSED SPACES. Advances in communications technology, such as phones, radio and television broadcasts, and internet, have further decreased the effects of distance.Advances in communications technology, such as phones, radio and television broadcasts, and internet, have further decreased the effects of distance.

13. DIFFUSION Related terms include "friction of distance," which describes the force that creates distance decay and Waldo R. Tobler's First law of geography, an informal statement that "All things are related, but near things are more related than far things."Related terms include "friction of distance," which describes the force that creates distance decay and Waldo R. Tobler's First law of geography, an informal statement that "All things are related, but near things are more related than far things."Waldo R. ToblerFirst law of geographyWaldo R. ToblerFirst law of geography

14. DIFFUSION Distance decay is also evident in town/city centers. It can refer to: -the number of pedestrians getting further from the center of the Central Business District(CBD), -the street quality decreasing as distance from the center increases, -the quality of shops decreasing as distance from the center increases -the height of buildings decreasing as distance from the center increases -the price of land decreasing as distance from the center increasesDistance decay is also evident in town/city centers. It can refer to: -the number of pedestrians getting further from the center of the Central Business District(CBD), -the street quality decreasing as distance from the center increases, -the quality of shops decreasing as distance from the center increases -the height of buildings decreasing as distance from the center increases -the price of land decreasing as distance from the center increases Central Business District Central Business District

15. Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two locales activity space their interactions begin to decrease.Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two locales activity space their interactions begin to decrease.

16. A few questions you may ask are:A few questions you may ask are: How far will pedestrians travel to access different types of destinations?How far will pedestrians travel to access different types of destinations? How far will bicyclists travel in order to ride on a bicycle-only facility?How far will bicyclists travel in order to ride on a bicycle-only facility? How far do people drive for their common retail needs?How far do people drive for their common retail needs?

17. Time-space compression is a term used to describe processes that seem to accelerate the experience of time and reduce the significance of distance during a given historical moment.Time-space compression is a term used to describe processes that seem to accelerate the experience of time and reduce the significance of distance during a given historical moment. Geographer David Harvey, refers to "processes that... revolutionize the objective qualities of space and time"Geographer David Harvey, refers to "processes that... revolutionize the objective qualities of space and time"David HarveyDavid Harvey

18. Time-space compression often refers to technologies that seem to accelerate spatial and temporal distances, including technologies of communication (telegraph, telephones, fax machines, Internet) and travel (rail, cars, trains, jets.)Time-space compression often refers to technologies that seem to accelerate spatial and temporal distances, including technologies of communication (telegraph, telephones, fax machines, Internet) and travel (rail, cars, trains, jets.)telegraphtelephonesfax machinesInternettelegraphtelephonesfax machinesInternet

19. Time-space compression represents an essential facet of contemporary life:Time-space compression represents an essential facet of contemporary life: "Today we are entering a space which is speed- space... This new other time is that of electronic transmission, of high-tech machines, and therefore, man is present in this sort of time, not via his physical presence, but via programming.""Today we are entering a space which is speed- space... This new other time is that of electronic transmission, of high-tech machines, and therefore, man is present in this sort of time, not via his physical presence, but via programming." Theorist, Paul VirilioTheorist, Paul VirilioPaul VirilioPaul Virilio

20. All aspects of pop. Cul. Have a hearth, a place of origin.All aspects of pop. Cul. Have a hearth, a place of origin. Usually contagious and then hierarchicalUsually contagious and then hierarchical

21. TEENAGES AND POPULAR CULTURETEENAGES AND POPULAR CULTURE THE MERCHANTS OF COOL VIDEOTHE MERCHANTS OF COOL VIDEO www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/co ol/www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/co ol/www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/co ol/www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/co ol/

22. HOW CAN LOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURE BE SEEN IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE? CUL. LANDSCAPE, THE VISIBLE HUMAN IMPRINT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON THE LANDSCAPECUL. LANDSCAPE, THE VISIBLE HUMAN IMPRINT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON THE LANDSCAPE HOW PEOPLE HAVE CHANGED AND SHAPED ENVIRONMENTHOW PEOPLE HAVE CHANGED AND SHAPED ENVIRONMENT OFTEN RESULTS IN PLACELESSNESS, LOSS OF IDENTITY OR UNIQUENESS OF PLACE IN CUL. LANDSCAPEOFTEN RESULTS IN PLACELESSNESS, LOSS OF IDENTITY OR UNIQUENESS OF PLACE IN CUL. LANDSCAPE

23. THINK DRIVE ON GEORGIA HIGHWAY 21 OR 17, EFFINGHAM’S MAJOR ROADWAYS.DRIVE ON GEORGIA HIGHWAY 21 OR 17, EFFINGHAM’S MAJOR ROADWAYS. WHAT IS SEEN?WHAT IS SEEN? CONGLOMERATIONS, CLUSTERSCONGLOMERATIONS, CLUSTERS OTHER?OTHER?

24. BLENDING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES 3 DIMENSIONS 1. ARCHITICTURE AND CITY PLANNING DIFFUSION1. ARCHITICTURE AND CITY PLANNING DIFFUSION EX., DIFFUSION OF SKYSCRAPEREX., DIFFUSION OF SKYSCRAPER 2. BUSINESS AND PRODUCT IMPRINTS ON DISTANT PLACES2. BUSINESS AND PRODUCT IMPRINTS ON DISTANT PLACES EX., SIGNSEX., SIGNS 3. BORROWING OF LANDSCAPE IMAGES REGARDLESS OF “FIT”3. BORROWING OF LANDSCAPE IMAGES REGARDLESS OF “FIT” EX., LAS VEGAS STRIP, VENICE; TOWN CENTERSEX., LAS VEGAS STRIP, VENICE; TOWN CENTERS

25. CULTURAL REGIONS NORTH AMERICANORTH AMERICA LATIN AMERICALATIN AMERICA EUROPEEUROPE NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EASTNORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST SUB SAHARAN AFRICASUB SAHARAN AFRICA RUSSA, CENTRAL ASIA SOUTH ASIA EAST ASIA SOUTHEAST ASIA AUSTRALIA AND PACIFIC ISLANDS