1. Essential Question What changes did industrialization bring to life in the United States? What changes did industrialization bring to life in the United States?

2. The Rise of Industry

3. Natural Resources Water Water Lumber Lumber Coal Coal Iron Iron Copper Copper

4. Transcontinental Railroad The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 gave money and land for building the railroad The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 gave money and land for building the railroad

5. Union Pacific Built westward from Omaha, Nebraska Built westward from Omaha, Nebraska

6. Central Pacific Eastward from California Eastward from California

7. Promontory Point May 10, 1869 in Utah May 10, 1869 in Utah Gold and silver spikes driven into the rails connecting the two lines Gold and silver spikes driven into the rails connecting the two lines

8. Quote, Observer The trains pulled up facing each other, each crowded with workmen who sought advantageous positions to witness the ceremonies... The officers and invited guests formed on each side of the rails... Prayer was offered; a number of spikes were driven in the two adjoining rails... Thus the two roads were welded into one great trunk line from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

9. Transcontinental Railroad

10. Benefits of National Railroads Built national markets Built national markets United Americans United Americans Standardized four time zones Standardized four time zones

11. Railroad System, 1870-1890

12. Large Workforce Between 1860 and 1910, the population almost tripled Between 1860 and 1910, the population almost tripled 20 million immigrants arrived between 1870 and 1910 20 million immigrants arrived between 1870 and 1910

13. New Inventions Increased productivity Increased productivity Improved transportation and communication Improved transportation and communication

14. Alexander Graham Bell Telephone Telephone

15. Thomas Alva Edison Phonograph Phonograph Lightbulb Lightbulb Electric generator Electric generator Battery Battery Dictaphone Dictaphone Motion picture Motion picture

16. Big Business

17. Growth of Business Large corporations began to dominate U.S. business Large corporations began to dominate U.S. business Made big business possible Made big business possible

18. Andrew Carnegie Opened a steel company in 1875 Opened a steel company in 1875 Discovered the Bessemer process for making steel Discovered the Bessemer process for making steel

19. Iron and Steel Production

20. Rockefellers Standard Oil Rockefellers Standard Oil Controlled 90 percent of the U.S. oil refining industry Controlled 90 percent of the U.S. oil refining industry A monopoly = when a single company controls the entire market A monopoly = when a single company controls the entire market

21. Robber Barons

22. Advertising With increased production comes the need to sell the products With increased production comes the need to sell the products Use of chain stores and catalogs Use of chain stores and catalogs

23. 19 th Century Advertising

25. Montgomery Ward

26. Sears Roebuck

27. Urbanization

37. Quote, Tenement Dweller With one dollar a day [our mother] fed and clothed an ever-growing family. She took in boarders. Sometimes this helped; at other times it added to the burden of living. Boarders are often out of work and penniless; how could one turn a hungry man out? She made all our clothes. She walked blocks to reach a place where meat was a penny cheaper, where bread was a half cent less. She collected boxes and old wood to burn in the stove.

41. Immigration

42. Urban Populations Many immigrants settled in cities and organized neighborhoods Many immigrants settled in cities and organized neighborhoods NYC NYC Detroit Detroit Chicago Chicago

43. Ellis Island Immigrants were inspected by a doctor looking for diseases or serious health problems Immigrants were inspected by a doctor looking for diseases or serious health problems

44. Ellis Island

47. Asian Immigration China suffered severe poverty, unemployment China suffered severe poverty, unemployment Job opportunities in the West (railroads, growing cities) Job opportunities in the West (railroads, growing cities)

48. Angel Island Used for the arrival of Asian immigrants to CA Used for the arrival of Asian immigrants to CA Mostly young males Mostly young males Time period for acceptance to the US Time period for acceptance to the US

49. Nativism Desire of native- born people to limit immigration Desire of native- born people to limit immigration Now focused on Asians, Jews, and southern Europeans Now focused on Asians, Jews, and southern Europeans

50. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Barred Chinese immigration for ten years Barred Chinese immigration for ten years Renewed in 1892 Renewed in 1892

51. Unions

52. Labor Unions Industrial workers formed unions to attempt to have better working conditions Industrial workers formed unions to attempt to have better working conditions How did business respond? How did business respond?

53. Pullman Strike Led by Eugene V. Debs Led by Eugene V. Debs Railroads disrupted Railroads disrupted Pres. Cleveland sent in troops, courts rule against strikers Pres. Cleveland sent in troops, courts rule against strikers

54. American Federation of Labor Organized 20 trade unions Organized 20 trade unions Led by Samuel Gompers Led by Samuel Gompers Stand for fewer hours, higher wages Stand for fewer hours, higher wages