1. Oracle9i Performance Tuning Chapter 1 Performance Tuning Overview

2. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview2 Chapter Objectives Learn general concepts of database tuning Review the System Development Life Cycle Identify tuning goals and measurements Describe and understand performance problems

3. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview3 Chapter Objectives (continued) Learn the steps of the tuning process Use a database tuning checklist Understand the roles and responsibilities of the database administrator (DBA) Learn about Oracle tuning tools

4. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview4 Database Tuning Overview Database tuning is the ongoing process of optimizing the operation of a database configuration based on attainable tuning goals There are no quick formulas or specific methods for tuning a database It depends on the “art” of developing good designs and creativity in troubleshooting and analyzing problems as well as the “science” of using technical tools to detect problems before they occur

5. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview5 System Development Methodologies System Development Life Cycle Structured analysis and design Object-oriented analysis and design Rapid application development Prototyping development Joint application development

6. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview6 System Development Life Cycle Referred to as the SDLC Purpose of the SDLC: Establishes a consistent framework for development Provides a solution to solve a problem Delivers the application design and code that has been reviewed and signed off by technical leads

7. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview7 System Development Life Cycle (continued) Short-cutting the SDLC leads to: Inferior system design Poor system architecture Inefficient application code Performance problems Lower user productivity

8. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview8 System Development Life Cycle (continued)

9. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview9 DBA Tasks A DBA must be involved in all phases of the SDLC DBA tasks for each of the database phases: Database analysis phase: Identify new resources and capacities that are required for the new system Analyze the business functions of the new system to determine database features and functions Identify database performance goals and objectives

10. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview10 DBA Tasks (continued) Logical design phase: Identify the type of database application Gather data from existing system and business requirements Analyze data and identify all entities Identify relationships between entities Create a conceptual data model Identify degrees of relationships and cardinalities

11. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview11 DBA Tasks (continued) Logical design phase: Identify all attributes for each entity Create a logical data model Identify domains for each attribute Create a data dictionary Identify data constraints and validation techniques Normalize data model

12. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview12 DBA Tasks (continued) Physical design phase: Decide which database management system will be employed Examine the features of the database management system to be used Create a storage capacity plan Analyze initial data and growth Design database procedures to implement business rules Identify data migration procedures Identify and create backup and recovery strategies

13. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview13 DBA Tasks (continued) Database implementation phase: Create the database by using a template configuration Create application users and roles and grant privileges Create application schema Create and code all database procedures and scripts Create data migration procedures and scripts Create necessary data feeds and/or loads Document database configuration Implement a backup strategy for testing

14. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview14 DBA Tasks (continued) Database testing phase: Test database connections Identify problematic queries Gather database statistics and analyze results to determine whether performance goals are met Test all database procedures and scripts Identify database configuration problems Document database maintenance procedures and administration tasks Test backup and recovery strategies

15. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview15 DBA Tasks (continued) Database maintenance phase: Create a production database Migrate data to the production database Use tools to monitor the database and install scripts Tune and improve database performance as required Verify backups and perform random recovery testing

16. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview16 Tuning Goals Performance-tuning goals must be measured by the following criteria: Database response time Database availability Database statistics and ratios CPU utilization Memory utilization Disk thrashing or paging Excessive I/O (caused by reads and writes)

17. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview17 Tuning Goals (continued)

18. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview18 Performance Problems Performance problems are classified as follows: Contention problems Resource consumption problems Scalability problems Architectural problems Application problems Network problems Sorting problems

19. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview19 Performance Problems (continued) Performance problems are classified as follows: Connection problems Allocation problems Full Table Scan (FTS) problems Parsing problems Index problems Storage parameters problems

20. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview20 Tuning Processes and Steps

21. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview21 Degree of Tuning Effort

22. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview22 Database Tuning Checklist

23. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview23 DBA Roles and Responsibilities

24. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview24 DBA Roles and Responsibilities (continued) The DBA should be focused on the following activities: Be involved in all SDLC phases Recommend best practices in data modeling and database designs Educate developers on how to optimize their code (queries) Work with designers and developers on transaction controls

25. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview25 DBA Roles and Responsibilities (continued) The DBA should be focused on the following activities: Recommend to developers SQL tuning tools Monitor database performance Collect and analyze database statistics Educate users on best practices for working with database applications

26. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview26 DBA Roles and Responsibilities (continued)

27. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview27 DBA Roles and Responsibilities (continued)

28. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview28 DBA Roles and Responsibilities (continued)

29. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview29 DBA Roles and Responsibilities (continued)

30. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview30 Oracle Tuning Tools and Utilities Performance Views (V$ Views) Data dictionary views Oracle Optimizer Oracle Optimizer Hints Explain Plan Statement SQL Trace

31. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview31 Oracle Tuning Tools and Utilities (continued) Autotrace settings Tkprof Outlines UTLBSTAT.SQL and UTLESTAT.SQL Statspack package

32. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview32 Oracle Manager Tools Oracle Enterprise Management Console Diagnostic Pack: Lock Monitor Performance Manager Performance Overview Top Sessions Top SQL Trace Data Viewer

33. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview33 Oracle Manager Tools (continued) Tuning Pack Oracle Expert Outline Management SQL Analyze Tablespace Map

34. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview34Summary The System Development Life Cycle provides a consistent methodology for solving business problems A DBA should be involved in most SDLC phases Performance tuning is one of the most challenging tasks of a DBA DBAs should focus their efforts on database design and code Most performance problems stem from bad design and inefficient code

35. Chapter 1: Performance Tuning Overview35 Summary (continued) DBAs should implement a mechanism to collect statistics and analyze these statistics to determine performance trends The Oracle9i product provides DBAs with a number of tools that assist with performance tuning Knowing who should perform tuning tasks and what should be tuned is essential for allocating resources to performance problems