2. In order to know the tense of a sentence, you have to analyze its parts. You can divide sentences by telling the subject, the main verb, the auxiliary verb and the complement. The girl in the story knew she was going to die. SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT SUBJECT MAIN VERB

3. OTHER EXAMPLES Those guys over there have been sad all the year. SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT Juan Pablo’s classes are always the same. SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT AUXILIARY

4. Most of my students enjoy the classes with games. SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT Her friends and relatives don’t likeher to sing in public. SUBJECT AUXILIARY MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

5. You can determine the tense (time) of a sentence by looking at its parts. In simple present, we have the following conditions. TENSEAUXILIARY VERBMAIN VERBEXPLANATION Simple Present (with most common verbs) ----------------------- Base or base + s. If the sentence is affirmative. Simple Present (with most common verbs) Do, does, don’t, doesn’t. Base If the sentence is negative or interrogative. Simple Present (verb TO BE) -----------------------Am, is, are If the sentence is affirmative, negative or interrogative. See examples in the next slide.

6. FOR EXAMPLE: SUBJECTMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Our teachersarevery young. This sentence is in simple present because the main verb, TO BE is in present. SUBJECTMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Luisisn’tmy friend. This sentence is negative and in simple present because the main verb, “isn’t” (the verb TO BE), is conjugated in the negative form.

7. SUBJECTMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Beatriztalkseveryday in lines. You know this sentence is in Simple Present because the main verb, “talks”, is in the base form plus “S” You know these sentences are in simple present because the verb TO BE is in present. MAIN VERBSUBJECTCOMPLEMENT IsMariathe new teacher? AreThese girlsnew at school?

8. AUXILIARY VERB SUBJECTMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Doesthe schoolhavea swimming pool? Dotheylikethe food? You know these sentences are interrogative and in simple present because there is the auxiliary verb “does”/ “do” before the subject. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Nataliadoesn’tlivein Cali. Studentsdon’tpaythe bills. You know these sentences are in simple present because there are the auxiliary verbs “doesn’t/don’t” between the subject and the main verb

9. In simple past, we have the following conditions. TENSEAUXILIARY VERBMAIN VERBEXPLANATION Simple Past (with most common verbs) -----------------------Past. If the sentence is affirmative. Simple Past (with most common verbs) Did, didn’t.Base If the sentence is negative or interrogative. Simple Past (verb TO BE) -----------------------Was, were If the sentence is affirmative, negative or interrogative. See examples in the next slide.

10. SUBJECTMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Our teacherswerevery young. This sentence is affirmative and in simple past because the main verb, TO BE is in past. SUBJECTMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Luiswasn’tmy friend. This sentence is negative and in simple past because the main verb, “wasn’t” (the verb TO BE), is in past.

11. MAIN VERBSUBJECTCOMPLEMENT WasMariathe new teacher? Werethese girlsnew at school? You know this sentence is interrogative because the main verb “was” or “were” (the verb TO BE) is before the subject of the sentence. The sentence is in simple past because the verb to be is in past. SUBJECTMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Beatriztalkedeveryday last week. Some girlswentto Mexico last year. You know this sentence is affirmative and in simple past because the main verb of these sentences, “talked” and “went”, are in the past form.

12. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Rose didn’t studyfor the exam. Studentsknowthe answer. You know these sentences are in simple past because there is the auxiliary verb “didn’t”. AUXILIARY VERBSUBJECTMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Did the schoolhavea swimming pool? theylikethe food? You know these sentences are negative and in simple past because there is the auxiliary verb “did”. NOTICE THAT THE MAIN VERB GOES IN THE BASE FORM IN NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.

13. In present and past progressive, we have the following conditions. TENSE AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB EXPLANATION Present Progressive Verb TO BE in present. (am, is, are) Gerund (ING) If the sentence is affirmative, negative or interrogative. Past Progressive Verb TO BE in past. (was, were)

14. SUBJECTAUXILIARY VERBMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Nataliaislivingin Cali. Studentsarepayingthe bills. You know these sentences are in present progressive because there is the verb TO BE, in present as an auxiliary and the main verb is a GERUND (ing). SUBJECTAUXILIARY VERBMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Nataliawaslivingin Cali. Studentswerepayingthe bills. You know these sentences are in past progressive because there is the verb TO BE, in past as an auxiliary and the main verb is a GERUND (ing).

15. In Present and Past, Perfect and Progressive, we have the following conditions. TENSEAUXILIARY VERBMAIN VERBEXPLANATION Present PerfectHave(n’t)/has(n’t)Past participle.If the sentence is affirmative, negative or interrogative. Past PerfectHad(n’t) Present Perfect Progressive Have(n’t)/has(n’t) + been Gerund Past Perfect Progressive Had(n’t) + been

16. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Robertohaslivedhere for years. My friendshavestudiedat San Mateo since 1999. You know these sentences are in present perfect because there is the verb HAVE, in PRESENT as an auxiliary and the main verb is a PAST PARTICIPLE. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT Jennyhas beeneatingpeanuts. Studentshave beenreadingthis presentation for 20 minutes. You know these sentences are in present perfect progressive because there is the verb HAVE in PRESENT, the verb TO BE in past participle as auxiliaries and the main verb is a GERUND.

17. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Roberto had livedhere for years. My friendsstudiedat San Mateo since 1999. You know these sentences are in past perfect because there is the verb HAVE, in PAST (HAD) as an auxiliary and the main verb is a PAST PARTICIPLE. You know these sentences are in past perfect because there is the verb HAVE, in PAST (HAD) as an auxiliary and the main verb is a PAST PARTICIPLE. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT Jenny had been eatingpeanuts. Studentsreadingthis presentation for 20 minutes. You know these sentences are in past perfect progressive because there is the verb HAVE in PAST, the verb TO BE in past participle as auxiliaries and the main verb is a GERUND.

18. In future, future progressive, future perfect and future perfect progressive, we have the following conditions. TENSEAUXILIARY VERBMAIN VERBEXPLANATION Future (will)Will/won’t Base form If the sentence is affirmative, negative or interrogative. Future (be going to) is, are, am + going to Future ProgressiveWill + begerund Future PerfectWill havepast participle

19. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Ligia will stay in this house for three months. Everyonebe happy at the end of the year. You know these sentences are in future because there is the verb WILL, as an auxiliary and the main verb is in the BASE FORM. You know these sentences are in future because there is the verb WILL, as an auxiliary and the main verb is in the BASE FORM. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB GOING TOMAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Ligia isgoing to stay in this house for three months. Everyonebe happy at the end of the year. You know these sentences are in future progressive because there is the verb BE, as an auxiliary, BE GOING TO and the main verb is a GERUND.

20. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Camilo will be workingat 2 o’clock Diana flying to Canada on July 4. You know these sentences are in future progressive because there are the verbs WILL and BE in the base form as auxiliaries and the main verb is a GERUND. SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERBCOMPLEMENT Alex will have finishedby 8:00 Angelaeatentwo cupcakes by 10:00 You know these sentences are in future perfect because there are the verbs WILL and HAVE in the base form as auxiliaries and the main verb is a PAST PARTICIPLE.