1. THE LEGACY OF MARCO POLO THROUGH COLUMBUS SPANISH SETTLEMENTS

2. MARCO POLO’S LEGACY

3. POLO’S EXPLORATION IN THE 13 TH CENTURY

4. MARCO POLO’S LEGACY During the Renaissance: Books and reading spread rapidly after Western Europe was introduced to the Printing Press in 1440 As a result of more books and more reading, Polo’s book on his adventures in China was widely read and inspired a new generation of explorers

5. MARCO POLO’S LEGACY Governments wanted to find safer and faster trading routes to and from China Why?

6. MARCO POLO’S LEGACY

8. Most explorers tried to go south around the African peninsula One man traveled West for the route Columbus was heavily inspired by Polo’s writing

9. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Columbus, an Italian, was able to convince Spanish King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to sponsor the voyage Why would the Spanish government want to sponsor an Italian’s exploration?

10. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Aug 1492- Columbus set sail After more than a month at sea, they finally spotted land! The crew landed at San Salvador Island in the Caribbean Islands

11. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS In total, Columbus made four trips to and from Spain Every time, he discovered more land and would claim it for Spain When he died, Columbus believed that he discovered the west Indies

12. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The Columbian Exchange- The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the Americas

14. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Europeans Brought: Wheat Rice Domesticated animals (horses, cows, pigs, sheep) Diseases (by accident) Europeans Took Back: Corn Potatoes Squash This greatly benefited the European diet

15. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The Europeans used Native Americans for work. How and why? As the native population decreased (diseases wiped out about 90% of native populations), Europeans began to bring African slaves for cheap labor

18. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Over the next 300 years, millions of Africans would be carried across the Atlantic and sold into slavery African Lords would sell their people Europeans would conquer a land and people, and sell the people Journey lasted from weeks to months on a crowded, disease ridden, smelly boat and many died along the way

19. CORTEZ Conquistadors- Spanish soldier-explorers. Mainly relates to those who conquered the native peoples of Mexico and Peru Their mission?

21. CORTEZ Hernan Cortez (Cortes`) Arrived in Mexico in 1519 with 500 soldiers Aztec capital- Tenochtitlan Some soldiers believed they were dreaming at seeing the beauty of the city

22. CORTEZ Put yourself in the Aztec’s position. You see an army of people like you have never seen before with shiny clothes. What do you do?

23. CORTEZ Some mistook Cortez for an Aztec god and welcomed him as a hero

24. CORTEZ With help from the spread of smallpox and a number of Indians who hated their ruler, Cortez conquered the capital city The Spaniards ripped down the city and used it’s old stones to build Mexico City Became the capital city of a new Spanish empire called New Spain

25. PIZARRO Francisco Pizarro- 1532 Led attack on powerful Inca Empire (present day Peru) Smallpox killed thousands before soldiers arrived Pizarro captures Incan ruler, holds him for ransom. The Incas pay with three FULL rooms of gold and silver. Pizarro kills the ruler, takes the money, and takes the Empire This led to the eventual conquering of the rest of the Incan Empire

26. THE SPANISH BORDERLANDS After discovering gold and silver in Mexico and Peru, the Spanish pushed north into what is now the southwest United States After learning about Native Indian culture, resources, and regions last week, what do you think the Spaniards found?

27. FLORIDA Juan Ponce de Leon Sailed with Columbus and made fortune by discovering gold in Puerto Rico Fascinated by the “Fountain of Youth” myth Landed in Florida in 1513 to search for the Fountain

28. FLORIDA Ponce de Leon returned in 1521 with 200 men to establish a Spanish colony Colony- a new settlement or territory established and governed by a country in another land Instead of finding the Fountain, Ponce de Leon found a poison arrow in his gut

29. THE SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA Seven Cities of Cipola- so rich that street and houses were decorated with gold and jewels Spanish became convinced the cities were somewhere in North America- Led to the exploration of what is now the American Southwest Search began in Florida, then Texas

30. THE SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA The Coronado Expedition – 1540 Led by Francisco Vasquez and de Coronado A famous conquistador Traveled more than 7,000 miles north of Mexico City

31. THE CORONADO EXPEDITION

32. Found pueblos A village of apartment-like buildings made of stone and adobe rising four-five stories high Continued north through the Great Plains before heading back to Mexico City They found NOTHING

33. SETTLING THE BORDERLANDS By 1600, the Spanish borderlands extended from Florida across present day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California Rival European nations began to show interest in the lands, conquistadors would go to protect the land Presidios- walled forts the Spanish soldiers lived in to protect Spanish claims https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/ Non-Native-American-Nations-Territorial-Claims-over- NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/ Non-Native-American-Nations-Territorial-Claims-over- NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif

34. SETTLING THE BORDERLANDS Catholic Missionaries Missionaries- people who travel to a territory or community in order to make converts to their religion Built settlements where they taught natives new skills and preached Christian faith Catholic priests order the whipping of native religious leaders who continued to practice their own faith Lead to an uprising/revolt that would drive the Spanish out They would later return

35. NEW FRANCE As Spain sent ship loads of gold back to Europe: Spain seemed to grow wealthier and more powerful Other European nations became jealous No other nation could challenge Spain’s claims in America so they began to search for new lands to settle

36. NEW FRANCE Jacques Cartier- 1534 Frenchmen who explored the Atlantic coast of North America Wanted to find am all-water passage through North America to the Pacific Ocean Is there such a passage?

37. NEW FRANCE Jacques Cartier Never found passage, but did claim land for France (what is now Canada Did discover beaver fur (made hats for Europeans)

38. NEW FRANCE Samuel de Champlain – 1608 Founded first Canadian settlement, a trading post called Quebec Would be a base for the French for the next 150 years Coureurs de bois- French fur trappers who learned many skills from the American Indians with whom they worked and lived

39. NEW FRANCE Harsh climate of New France failed to attract a large number of settlers Much like the Spanish borderlands The best farming land would be given to French nobility who then rented out to farmers Farmers who rented would eventually leave to find their own land so they did not have to pay rent

40. NEW FRANCE The French focused more on fur trade than farming Harsh climate Did not try to conquer the Indians or put them to work The French and Indians became business partners Fur traders married into the Huron Tribe Learned how to survive in the wilderness for months

41. NEW FRANCE Claiming Louisiana – 1673 Father Marquette and Louis Joliet explored down the Mississippi River Followed the river to the Gulf of Mexico hoping it would lead to the Pacific Ocean 1682- Robert de La Salle Claimed West of the Mississippi River for France- Louisiana

42. JAMESTOWN- THE FIRST ENGLISH COLONY John Cabot- Sought his own route to Asia Set sail in 1497 and landed in Newfoundland (off the coast of Canada Mistakenly believed he landed in Asia

43. THE LOST COLONY OF ROANOKE Sir Walter Raleigh wanted to start a colony off the coast of North Carolina