1. ROLE-PLAY AS A TEACHING METHOD
By: Yasmeen Rafaq

2. WHAT IS ROLE- PLAY?
Role play is a classroom activity in which learners take on roles & act out an imagined or real scenario. For example:
Students take on the roles of characters in a novel they are reading
It is a technique that complements the traditional lecture

3. WHY ROLE PLAY?

4. WHY ROLE PLAY?
Students are directly active during the role play, so it is more effective in “embedding concepts” into their long term memory. The excitement of the role play, the interaction and stimulation to visual, auditory and kinaesthetic styles of learning helps a broad range of learners

5. WHY ROLE PLAY?

6. WHY ROLE PLAY?
It helps to develop all domains of learning, cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills) and affective (emotional)
Role- play is very useful for developing the ‘interpersonal skills’ of learners
The role play method develops a greater understanding of the complexity of professional practice and enables students to develop skills to engage in multi- stakeholder negotiations within the controlled environment of the classroom

7. WHY ROLE PLAY?
Role- play can help students explore emotive issues For example:
Smoking, religious issues, cultural issues
Hirsch argues that role play consists of the key elements of experiential learning
David Kolb defined role- play as “the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience”

8. WHY ROLE PLAY?
Role-plays can be simple or complex, short or long and can be adapted to suit the needs of what is being taught or explored
Several groups of students can carry out the same role- play activity simultaneously. This has the advantage that it allows every member of the class to practise the social skill

9. WHY ROLE PLAY?
It is not suitable for repeated performance of these role- plays to the whole class, as the repetition becomes too tedious
Alternatively, the role- play can be a single performance viewed by the rest of the class

10. CONSTRUCTING A ROLE-PLAY
The key steps in constructing a role-play are:
Define Aims and Objectives (practice skills, explore concepts, etc.)
Define setting/placement
Define clear role descriptors

11. CONSTRUCTING A ROLE-PLAY
Define time limit
Define observer tasks (if any)
Define ground rules of safety and feedback
Define debriefing agenda
Define facilitator tasks

12. RUNNING A ROLE-PLAY Give players time to study the scenarios
Teacher should intervene as little as possible, however, if new information is needed to be added while the activity is running, it must be prepared in advance
Teacher should check that all roles are active. If any students are not participating, she should talk to them directly
The resources made available to students should assist them to participate in the role play and fulfill their role

13. DEBRIEFING OR PLENARY SESSION
The final stage is a debriefing. Plenty of time should be allocated to this as it is the most important element of the role play
It is always better to have an ice-breaker or a chat about an unrelated topic for a few minutes to break people out of role so any negative emotions or aggressions can dissipate. As role-play is very powerful people may end up staying ‘in role’ for a while after causing disruption to the group or the learning task

14. DEBRIEFING OR PLENARY SESSION
It is better to follow the simple rules of feedback- where the participants are asked how it went, what emotions they experienced and one is playing a professional and the other a client – to ask each person’s internal emotions and how the other made them feel
If an assessment then the participant should be able to describe what went well and what didn’t go well. The groups will then give positive and constructive feedback

15. DEBRIEFING OR PLENARY SESSION
It is often useful after debriefing to summarise what was gained- by asking each participant for their points learnt or understood. It will be usually quite an assortment of learning points that shows how each role-play can stimulate several strands of learning beyond the original aims and objectives

16. AND FINALLY...
Role-play is a powerful and effective teaching method for children and adult and can be adapted to deliver any learning objectives from simple to complex concepts
It really lends well to practice communication skills, debate complex ethical issues or explore attitudes and beliefs. The success lies in the construction and delivery with careful facilitation
It is great for teachers and trainers as it is entertaining, more interactive and reduced learner fatigue

17. GO ON; GIVE IT A TRY IF YOU HAVEN’T ALREADY! THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!