1. Sociology Ms. Blackhurst

2.  Introduction to Groups PowerPoint  Discuss key items, complete class activities  HW: Group Web

3.  Discuss the need for conformity in a society within the context of the problems that can arise with following norms blindly.  Identify and explain the relationship between norms and laws in society and the society’s values.  Explain how differences between subcultures exist within a culture.

4.  Consists of two or more people who…  Interact in patterned ways  Have a feeling of unity  Share certain common interests and expectations  Primary Groups  People who regularly interact and have close and long- lasting relationships  Secondary Groups  People who interact on a formal and impersonal basis to accomplish a specific objective

5.  Group — at least two people who have one or more goals in common and share common ways of thinking and behaving

6. Dyad  Social group with two members.  Social interaction in a dyad is typically more intense than in larger groups because neither member shares the other's attention with anyone else. Triad  Social group with three members, which contains three relationships, each uniting two of the three people.  More stable than a dyad because one member can act as a mediator should the relationship between the other two become strained.

7.  In regular contact with each other  Share some ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving  Take one another’s behavior into account  One or more goals in common

8.  People who are emotionally close, know one another well and seek one another’s company  Ex: Family, childhood play groups, close friends, neighbors

9.  “We”  Enjoy each other  Primary Relationships:  Personal  Caring  Fulfilling relationships

10.  Small size  Face-to-Face Contact  Continuous Contact  Proper Social Environment

11.  Emotional Support  Socialization  Encourage Conformity

12.  Impersonal  Goal oriented  Purpose of the group is to accomplish a task, not to enrich friendships  Ex: Work groups, sports teams, volunteers  Secondary relationships—clerk & customer, employers & workers, dentists & patients  There can be some primary relationships in a secondary group  Ex: two friends (primary) on the field hockey team (secondary)

14. A. A marine recruit & his drill instructor at boot camp ___________________________ B. A married couple __________________ C. A coach & his soccer team __________ D. A teacher & his student _____________ E. A car salesperson and her potential customer _________________________

15.  Small group size  Face-to-face contact  Continuous contact  Interaction on the basis of status or role  _________________________________

16.  Read pages 69-72, then define and give an example of each of these six terms:  Conflict  Coercion  Conformity  Cooperation  Social Exchange

17.  A form of interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal  Usually occurs when… Reaching a goal demands the best use of limited resources and efforts Examples: survivors of a plane crash in the mountains; victims of natural disasters Exists outside of emergencies as well Examples: rules for games; sharing household duties

18.  Groups or individuals that work against one another for a larger share of the rewards.  Defeating the opponent is essential Social Benefits of Conflict: Promotes cooperation and unity within opposing groups  Example: A neighborhood bully can bring together 2 brothers who usually don’t get along. Draws attention to social inequities  Examples: Civil Rights activists in the 60s convinced Congress to make laws to ensure basic rights and freedoms to all people.

19.  A voluntary action performed in the expectation of getting a reward in return  Benefit to be earned rather than the relationship itself that is key Example: You help a friend wash her car, she then helps you study for a test

20.  Individuals or groups are forced to give in to the will of other individuals or groups  One-way street; central element is domination May occur through: physical force (imprisonment, torture, or death) Example: Prisoners of war can be forced to reveal information to enemies. More often through: social pressure (ridicule, rejection, withdrawal of affection) Example: Parents can control behavior of young children by threatening to withdraw privileges.

21.  Behavior that matches group expectations  Adapt behavior to fit behavior of those around us Necessary for culture and social structure Church Family University Government

22. 1. Blood donors expect payment 2. Students read what a teacher assigns 3. Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait 4. Flood victims help each other 5. Employees are forced to work overtime or be fired a. Cooperationb. Conflictc. Social Exchange d. Coercione. Conformity

23.  Giving a list of 10 places that social exchange might occur.  Then describe the type of interaction using your terms from yesterday.  Family dinner  Conversation at lunch with friends  Discussions at the UN  A bully picking on a freshman

24.  Self-deceptive thinking that is based on conformity to group beliefs, and created by group pressure to conform  Discourages members from expressing their concerns about group decisions  Examples: JFK’s Bay of Pigs Invasion, Personal examples???

25.  Why would you say you agree with other people in the group if you really don’t?  Because we have been taught to conform!  Group Think isn’t always a negative thing!

26.  Because of the difficulty of going against decisions made by the group, some sociologists believe that Groupthink exists  Happens when group members agree to conform rather than express their true feelings or beliefs  It appears as if the group agrees but they really don’t  Can lead to ineffective or destructive consequences

27.  In-Group  Group with which people identify and have a sense of belonging “we”  Out-Group  Group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own “they” In-Groups and Out-Groups

28.  Reference Groups—group used for self- evaluation and the formation of attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms  Social Network—all of a person’s social relationships make up his or her social network  Aggregate – based on proximity at a give time. Ex: people in line at Starbucks or a political rally

29.  Dr. Stanley Milgram’s Obedience to Authority Experiment  Dr. Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiments

30.  Create a web diagram of the primary & secondary groups to which you belong  Include at least three primary & three secondary groups  Then explain the function of each of these groups in your life  You may do as a poster or using a web program (PPT, Prezi, Paint)

31. Ms. Blackhurst Friends at home PRIMARY Check out at giant eagle SECONDARY Graduate Course SECONDARY Dr. Appt SECONDARY Family PRIMARY Friends at work PRIMARY PTHS BOTH Co-workers SECONDARY

32.  Complete the primary and secondary group assignment!  You must have at least 8-10 groups on your sheet when you finish.  Due next class