1. The Toddler Ages One - Three
Social Development
The Toddler
Ages One - Three

2. Socialization
The process of socialization, learning to get along with others, begins gradually between the ages of one to four.
The primary socialization goal of the 18 month old is to begin to develop some independence from the family.

3. Parallel Play
At 18 months, playing independently near, but not actually playing with another child, is characteristic.
At 18 months, children notice the presence of other children, but there is little interaction.
18 month olds treat others more like objects than human beings – there may be conflicts over toys.

4. Parallel Play
Unlike older children, who interact and communicate directly, toddlers play in parallel. While they may appear to be playing independently, kids this age are keeping an eye on each other's behavior. Parallel play is often a first step in forming strong social relationships outside of the family. Parallel playmates are your child's first friends.

5. Cooperative Play
Play for your child and a group of friends. Most three year olds begin Cooperative play- can take place almost anywhere — outside on the playground or downstairs in the basement. In any environment, children learn from watching other children play and interacting with them socially. Some fun cooperative play activities are:
Interactive pretend play
Basketball
Board games
Game time, make believe time — it's all fun time when other children are around to take part in play!

6. Collaborative Play
It's at this stage (age 3) that your child learns to master important new social skills, such as sharing, taking turns, obeying rules, and negotiating. These are all very difficult behaviors for a young child to learn.
Preschoolers progress from solitary and parallel play to collaborative play.

7. Making Friends
Friendships are important for normal social development. Play allows children to get used to give and take in relationships.
Children who learn to play with others early are less likely to be afraid of other children.

8. Disagreements & Arguments
When a child does not get along with playmates, parents need to monitor the situation to see no physical or emotional harm is being done.
Children need to learn how to solve disagreements.
Talk about the feelings of others & urge compromise.

9. Types of Play for Children
Active Play
Cooperative Play (collaborative)
Creative Play
Dramatic Play (imaginary)
Manipulative Play
Quiet Play

10. Active Play
Play that involves movement and physical activity. Active play is the perfect type of play to tucker any youngster out! Whether running around in the yard, or building sand castles at a local playground, active play is an essential part of a child's development. Some examples of active play are:
Riding Bikes
Swinging at the playground
Kickball
Our toys will be the perfect outdoor companion, providing sporting fun and activity galore!

11. Creative Play
Play that explores your child's imagination and makes something out of nothing! A box of crayons, construction paper, pipe cleaners, scissors and glue. They are all staples in the home, but when they come together in the hands of a child, they become magical works of art. But, creativity extends beyond art, entering a world of music, dance, building — even dirt! Creative play includes such things as:
Painting
Sculpting play dough
Building or creating crafts
Providing a child a creative outlet will lead to many amazing things, and as you may know already, some not so amazing things if it involves drawing on furniture or a wall!

12. Dramatic Play
Play that involves pretend and make believe, or whatever the imagination dreams. Have you ever found a child in your clothes? Carrying your briefcase? Wearing your old uniform? What seems commonplace to you opens a whole new world of possibilities to a child. Dramatic play can include:
Simple role playing
Using props to create a "new" environment
Creating scenes or situations with dolls and puppets
Children love role-playing and exploring worlds outside of their everyday, creating new and fun situations with every costume and prop. Imagine what they think you do at work!

13. Imaginary Play
Among young children, the line between fantasy and reality is delightfully fuzzy. An older toddler or a preschooler can fight dragons or fly to the moon, all without leaving his bedroom. If you want to build a child this age a fort, all you need are two chairs and a blanket to drape over them. Pretend play serves many purposes and pushes the boundaries of play. It allows your child to explore new ideas and experience life from a different perspective

14. Manipulative Play
Play that involves hand-eye coordination and motor skills. Children need the opportunity to work on finer skills that involve a little more control and direction. Manipulative play develops the sense of coordination, challenging their little fingers to follow the lines or use their tools properly. Some examples of manipulative play are:
Coloring, especially in a defined area
Paper crafts and art involving moving parts that need to be "put together"
Using a safe and simple tool kit to help with tasks around the house
Cutting out a sunshine for the window or painting within the lines — all these activities are the perfect exercise for this type of play

15. Quiet Play
Play that keeps children's mouths shut but their minds open. Playtime for children should have the opportunity to be quiet — the playtime for which adults are sometimes grateful! Children need quiet time to intently digest the items in their learning environment, like books and puzzles. Quiet play provides children an opportunity to think and reason and can include such activities as:
Beading a necklace
Working on puzzles
Reading or looking at pictures
By providing a silent environment, children can focus on their toys and playthings and really get down to the work of being a child. After all, play is the work of children

16. Child’s Self-Concept
A young child’s self-concept – the way he/she feels about them self – is very much influenced by how others treat the child.
A child with a Positive Self-Concept- (sees oneself as worthwhile, capable), gets along better with others. Love and respect helps develop a positive self-concept.
A negative-self-concept (sees oneself as bad, unimportant and incapable) affects a child’s characteristics and behaviors.

17. Personality Patterns & Behaviors
Parents should recognize and respect their child’s individuality. A child needs to be accepted for him/her self! Three basic types of personalities include:
Sensitive Child
Placid Child
Aggressive Child

18. The Sensitive Child Characteristics Parental Guidance
Toddlers are self-restrained and prefer to be alone.
Lack assertiveness and easily dominated
Less adventurous & hold back from new experiences
Have longer attention span & not tolerant of conflict.
Avoid being overprotective
Encourage independence
Prepare child for new situations
Help build confidence

19. The Placid Child Characteristics Parental Guidance
Placid toddlers are easy going
Plays happily with others
Takes guidance well
Easy to live with
Need encouragement and praise
Be alert to the needs of “easy” child
Offer them plenty of time, attention and care

20. The Aggressive Child Characteristics Parental Guidance
Aggressive toddlers are energetic and noisy
Inclined toward active, physical play
Gets own way by grabbing, violence, crying or tantrums
Praise child for good behavior
Point out effects of misbehavior
Avoid physical punishment
Make clear what behavior is desired

21. Discipline for Toddlers
Discipline is the task of helping children learn to behave in acceptable ways on their own without the help of an adult.
Long range goal of discipline is to help children develop self-discipline- the ability to control one’s own behavior.

22. Approaches to Discipline
Age
Approach
One
Distraction
Remove child from potential harm
Two
Remove potential problems or unsafe objects
Distraction and physical removal from harm
Three
Spoken commands and explanations (can now understand adult’s reasoning)
Four
Reasonable loving discipline
Like to please parent