1. THE AUSTRAL REALM (FOCUS ON AUSTRALIA) (CHAPTER 11: 530-546)

2. MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES TERRITORIAL DIMENSION RELATIVE LOCATION AND ISOLATION PERIPHERAL DEVELOPMENT HIGHLY CLUSTERED URBAN POPULATIONS CHANGING HUMAN GEOGRAPHY VIA IMMIGRATION AND ACTIVISM EXPORTERS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS

3. AUSTRALIA’S PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS

4. CLIMATE

5. BIOGEOGRAPHY A SUB-FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY- THE SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF FLORA AND FAUNA EVOLVED FROM THE OVERLAP BETWEEN GEOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT (1769-1859) IS RECOGNIZED AS THE FOUNDER SUB-DIVIDED INTO 2 MAIN BRANCHES: –ZOOGRAPHY –PHYTOGEOGRAPHY THE AUSTRALIAN REALM SERVES AS A “LABORATORY”-WHY?

7. AUSTRALIA A FEDERAL STATE SINCE 1901 –COMPRISED OF 6 STATES AND 2 TERRITORIES POPULATION OF 19.9 MILLION –ABORIGINAL POPULATION OF 300,000 –ARITHMETIC DENSITY OF 7/SQ MI –PHYSIOLOGIC DENSITY OF 106/SQ MI –GNP OF $24,920 85% URBANIZED MAJOR URBAN CENTERS –SYDNEY (4.1 MILLION) –MELBOURNE (3.4 MILLION) –CANBERRA (342,000)- CAPITAL (A CLASSIC GROWTH POLE)

8. POLITICAL DIVISIONS

9. SYDNEY

10. THE OUTBACK EXTENSIVE GRASSLAND PASTURES SUPPORT ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST SHEEP AND CATTLE INDUSTRIES A FRAGILE ENVIRONMENT OWNERSHIP ISSUES

12. THE INTERIOR

13. IMPACT OF FIRE IN NEW SOUTH WALES

14. BEACH ALONG AUSTRALIA’S EAST COAST E.J. PALKA

15. SUGARCANE FIELD TEA PLANTATION NORTH QUEENSLAND E.J. PALKA

16. AUSTRALIA’S ECONOMY PRINCIPAL PATTERNS: –EXPORTS RAW MATERIALS –BASED HEAVILY ON THE PRIMARY SECTOR ACTIVITIES –DEPENDS ON WORLD MARKETS IMPORT-SUBSTITUTION INDUSTRIES SMALL DOMESTIC MARKET TENUOUS TRADE LINKS WITH ASIAN TIGERS

17. AGRICULTURE & MINERAL RESOURCES

18. ABORIGINAL ISSUES POPULATION DATES FROM 50,00-60,000 YEARS AGO 1980s CAMPAIGN AGAINST MINING AND EXPLORATION OF TRADITIONAL LANDS 1992: ABORIGINES CAN CLAIM TITLE TO TRADITIONAL LAND 1993: NATIVE TITLE BILL 1996: LEGAL REVIEW OF PASTORAL LEASES CURRENT LAND ISSUES INDIGENOUS RIGHTS AND WRONGS

20. ABORIGINAL CLAIMS

21. THE AUSTRAL REALM (FOCUS ON AUSTRALIA) (CHAPTER 11: 530-546)