1. CHAPTER 8 HAVE A HEART SAM ERB

2. Functions of the Cardiovascular System Delivers O 2, nutrients, & hormones Transports waste products Consists of: the heart, blood vessels, and blood

3. Structures of the Heart The Heart Hollow, muscular organ Located inside thoracic cavity Layers: (external to internal) Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium The Pericardium Double-walled membrane surrounding the heart Chambers Upper chambers: Atria Lower chambers: Ventricles Blood flow within chambers is controlled by valves Apex : “triangular” bottom of heart

4. Blood Flow Arteries  away from heart Veins  toward heart Sinoatrial node and Purkinje fibers establish rhythm Electrical impulses from SA node travel to atrioventricular node (atria contract) Impulse then sent to bundle of His and ventricular muscle (ventricles contract)

5. Anatomy of an Electrocardiogram What it does? Measures electrical activity of myocardium P Wave: depolarization of atria QRS Complex: depolarization of ventricles T Wave: repolarization of ventricles

6. Common Tests & Ailments Angiography Study of blood vessels using contrast material Radiography Imaging objects by exposing sensitized film to X-rays EKG Aneurysm: balloon-like enlargement of artery Hypoxia: below-normal levels of O 2 Occlusion: blockage in vessel or passageway Atherosclerosis: hardening and narrowing of arteries

7. Common Procedures Angioplasty: surgical repair of blood or lymph vessels Transfusion: introduction of whole blood or blood components  Defibrillation: electrical shock used to restore normal heart rhythm Stent: small expander implanted in blood vessel to prevent collapse 