1. TREND ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL INDICATORS ON FOOD SECURITY:
MALAYSIA
Regional Training Workshop on Food Security Statistics Derived from the Food Consumption Data Collected in National Household Surveys (NHS)
Bangkok, Thailand
25-29 November 2013

2. Dimensions of Food Security
Access
Availability
Utilization
Vulnerability

3. Analysis of physical access Analysis of economic access OUTPUT
DETERMINANTS
Analysis of physical access
Analysis of economic access
OUTPUT
Prevalence of undernourishment
Depth of food deficit

4. Access
Determinant
Analysis of Physical Access per 100 km of land area (possibility of access to markets)

5. Analysis of Economic Access comparison of food PPP over general PPP
Access Determinant
Analysis of Economic Access comparison of food PPP over general PPP

6. Access
Output
Prevalence of Undernourishment probability that an individual consumes insufficient calories to cover energy requirements
Less than 5% between 1990 to 2010
It is not a serious issue in Malaysia.

7. Access
Output
Depth of Food Deficit, kcal/caput/day how many calories needed to lift the undernourished

8. Availability
Analysis of dietary energy supply
Analysis of food adequacy (percentage of DES over average energy requirement)
Analysis of the share of protein in total diet

9. Dietary Energy Supply National average calories per caput per day
Availability
Dietary Energy Supply National average calories per caput per day

10. Analysis of Food Adequacy DES as percentage of ADER
Availability

11. Average Protein Supply
Availability
Average Protein Supply

12. Access to safe water or sanitation OUTPUT Stunting (chronic)
Utilization
DETERMINANT
Access to safe water or sanitation
OUTPUT
Stunting (chronic)
Underweight (chronic/acute, MDG1)

13. Access to Water & Sanitation % of population
Utilization
Access to Water & Sanitation % of population

14. Chronic Stunting: Percentage of Children under 5
Utilization
Chronic Stunting: Percentage of Children under 5

15. Underweight: Percentage of Children Under 5
Utilization
Underweight: Percentage of Children Under 5

16. Vulnerability EXPOSURE Cereal Import Dependency Ratio
Percent of Arable Land Equipped for Irrigation
Value of Food Imports in Total Merchandise Exports
SHOCK
Food price volatility
Food production volatility
Political stability

17. Cereal Import Dependency Ratio cereal imports over total supply
Vulnerability
Cereal Import Dependency Ratio cereal imports over total supply

18. Percent of Arable Land Equipped for Irrigation
Vulnerability
Percent of Arable Land Equipped for Irrigation

19. Value of Food Imports in Total Merchandise Exports
Vulnerability
Value of Food Imports in Total Merchandise Exports

20. Vulnerability
Food Price Volatility

21. Food Production Volatility
Vulnerability
Food Production Volatility

22. Vulnerability
Political Stability

23. PRESENTATION OF THE SURVEY AND LIMITATIONS OF THE FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA

25. Household Expenditure Survey (HES)
Introduction
1st conducted:
Peninsular Malaysia (1957/58)
-household budget survey of the federation of
Malaysia
Sarawak (1967/68)
Sabah (1968/69)
Malaysian level (1973)
Since 1993 onwards-HES was carried out concurrently nation wide at an interval of five years
Four (4) surveys were conducted that is in 1993/94, 1998/99, 2004/2005 and the most recent 2009/10
Family budget survey

26. Household Expenditure Survey (HES)
Method of data collection
Direct personal interview
- Visits to the selected household every alternate day
- Each household was given a daily record book to record all expenses made on goods and services for a period of one month
Covered for the reference period of 12 months
Every round consisted of approximately 2,000 households who were interviewed over a period of 1 month

27. Household Expenditure Survey (HES)
Method of data collection (cont.d)
frequency – every 5 years
recent survey– HES 2009/2010: April until March 2010
Coverage – all states in Malaysia
(urban & rural)
- household staying in private living quarters

28. Household Expenditure Survey (HES)
Number of food items (6 digits) = 451 items
LIMITATIONS
Different units used in the items collected –e.g. pieces, gm, kg
Quantity data was collected but was not published due to data inaccuracies.

29. Composition of household expenditure by strata, Malaysia, 2009/10, percentage
Expenditure group
Total
Urban
Rural
Food and non-alcoholic beverages
20.3
18.1
27.4
Restaurant and hotel
10.9
11.5
8.8

30. Food and non-alcoholic Beverages

31. Food Away from Home %

32. THANK YOU