1. Sectionalism

2. Bell Work  LT: Students will be able to define popular sovereignty, how individuals responded to the Kansas-Nebraska Act.  Bw: What was the Missouri compromise? What was the compromise of 1850?

3. Bell Work  LT: I will be able to explain how the compromise of 1850 added tension in America.  BW: Continue working on your maps from yesterday you will have 10 min to finish if you do not finish it is for homework.

4. Bell Work  LT: I will be able to define sectionalism and states rights. Compare and Contrast Northern, Southern, and Western States  BW: List some differences between the North, South, and West

5. Tensions rise between North & South  Both economies were mainly agriculture  The North developed more industry and commerce  The South relied on plantation farming and slave labor rather industry  The economic difference between the south and the north begins to divide the nation politically.

6. Tensions rise between North & South  A small class of wealthy planters dominated Southern politics  Rely on the export of cash crops especially cotton  To justify slavery many offered that white people were superior to African Americans  Sectionalism – the loyalty to the interest of your own region or section of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole.  States Rights-the rights belonging to the various states, especially with reference to the strict interpretation of the Constitution, by which all rights not delegated by the Constitution to the federal government belong to the states.

7. Complete the chart as we view and discuss the following information. PoliticalEconomicSocial North South West

8. North and South: Differences The North: Primarily industrial Mostly urban and small farms Supported tariffs and internal improvements For strong central government Relied on free labor Wanted to limit spread of slavery in West The South: Primarily agricultural Mostly small farms and plantations Generally opposed tariffs and internal improvements For “states’ rights” Relied on slavery due to smaller population Supported extending slavery in West

9. West Differences The West: Constantly new settlers Mining Connected by rail and telegraph

10. Complete the chart as we view and discuss the following information. PoliticalEconomicSocial NorthStrong central government Industrial, small farms Limit slavery SouthStates rightsAgricultural, opposed tariffs, plantations Support extending slavery WestPopular sovereignty MiningNew settlers

11. During the early 1800s, the differences that had existed between the different regions of the country began to grow larger and larger. By the 1820s and 1830s these regions, also known as sections, had developed very different ideas about what governments should, and shouldn’t do. The northern states had seen the growth of a large number of factories and other businesses in the years after the War of 1812. To protect them from British and other competition, the owners of these factories (and may of their workers) wanted the government to put high taxes (called tariffs) on foreign products to make them more expensive. Factory owners also wanted the government to limit the sale of lands in the west and to stop the country expanding into Mexican and British territory. The north was also home to many groups which began to work to abolish slavery throughout the country as they had already done in their own states. In the south many plantation owners sold their crops of tobacco, rice, and cotton to Britain from which they then imported finished products. Plantation owners opposed tariffs as they angered Britain and made the products they imported more expensive. Southern states also wanted the government to support their right to own slaves and to enable them to expand slavery into new states and territories. They were also eager for the government to purchase, or simply seize, lands currently claimed by Mexico or Britain. People living in the western states wanted the government to continue to sell land cheaply. They also supported the government spending money on internal improvements such as roads and canals. Many ordinary westerners were also anxious that slavery should be kept out of their lands as they saw it, and wealthy plantation owners, as a threat to their independence. Many in the west also supported tariffs based on the belief that the money raised would help to fund internal improvements. Over time these sectional differences would help to split up both the Democratic and Whig parties whose members from different regions argued over party policies on tariffs, slavery, and expansion. THE WEST THE SOUTH THE NORTH INSTRUCTIONS Use the information to create a poster summarizing and illustrating the differences between the three different sections in their economies and in what they wanted the government to do.

12. Wilmot Proviso  Many northerners feared that southern wanted to take any land acquired from Mexico and make it a slave state  Wilmot Proviso is a bill proposed to outlaw slavery in any territory the United States might acquire from the war with Mexico

13. Why is this a Problem?  1820 - 2 territories want to enter  Maine  Missouri (about 2,000 slaves)  What is the dilemma for Congress?

14. Missouri Compromise  Also known as the Compromise of 1820  Maine enters as a free state  Missouri enters as a slave state  No slavery would be allowed north of the 36’30” line

15. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 quieted the slavery debate for a while

16. The Compromise of 1850  To please the North, California would be admitted as a free state.  To please the South, Congress would pass a stronger law to help slave owners. ( Fugitive Slave Act) 

17. The Compromise of 1850 solved the sectional dispute between North & South California entered as a free state The people of Utah & New Mexico could vote to allow or ban slavery ( popular sovereignty ) A stronger Fugitive Slave Law was created that allowed Southerners to recapture slaves in the North The slave trade ended in Washington DC

18. Fugitive Slave Act  Under this law, accused fugitives could be held without an arrest warrant.  They had no right to a jury trial. Instead a federal commissioner ruled on each case  Southern slave catchers were allowed to roam the North sometimes they captured free African Americans  The act drew more people to the abolitionist movement

19. The Kansas-Nebraska Act Proposed by Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois to divide up Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska Let people decide through popular sovereignty whether or not to allow slavery (Why did he do this?) Would end Missouri Compromise Turned Kansas into a bloody battleground

20. 4. In 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois drafted a bill to organize territorial governments for the Nebraska Territory, proposing that it be divided into two territories- Nebraska and Kansas.

21. FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT 2. Why did Northerners resent to Fugitive Slave Act? It required Northerners to recapture slaves It placed fines on people who would not cooperate and jail terms on people who helped fugitives escape Slave catchers roamed the North, which brought home the issue of slavery to Northerners It made them feel they had to support slavery Effects of the Fugitive Slave Law – Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

22. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN 3. What role did Uncle Tom's Cabin play in the slavery debate? In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe published her influential novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin The book stressed the moral evil of slavery Southerners protested that it did not portray slavery accurately Abolitionist protests increased Instant best seller sold 500,000 by 1857 Eliza Pursued by Bloodhounds from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

23. Newspaper Article  Your task: Write a newspaper article about your topic as if you were there  You should:  Write a headline( short & to the point)  Write 1-2 paragraphs that explain the event including: who, what, where, when, how and why  Include a photograph with a caption may be drawn or from the internet with teachers permission.