1. Recognizing Different Sports Injuries Mrs. Marr Mrs. Marr Know your anatomy!

2. Acute Injuries Acute vs. Chronic Injuries –Causes –Classifications Objective: Differentiate between acute and chronic injury.

3. Acute Injuries Acute (Traumatic) Injuries –Fractures –Dislocations and Subluxations –Ligament sprains –Muscle strains –Contusions –Muscle cramps –Muscle guarding –Muscle soreness –Nerve injuries Objective: Describe the acute traumatic injuries, including fractures, dislocations and subluxations, constusions, ligament sprains, muscle strains, muscle soreness, and nerve injuries.

4. Fractures Bone structure –Epiphysis –Diaphysis –Periosteum –Articular cartilage How does a fracture heal?

5. Fractures Types of fractures –Comminuted –Depressed –Greenstick –Impacted –Longitudinal –Oblique –Serrated –Spiral –Transverse –Contercoup –Avulsion –Stress

6. Dislocations & Subluxations Dislocation – a bone is forced out of alignment and stays out of alignment until surgically or manually replaced or reduced Subluxation – a bone is forced out of alignment but goes back into place.

7. Ligament (Sprains) Sprain –injury to a ligament connects bone to bone. Grades of sprains –1 st –2 nd –3 rd

8. Contusions Also known as a “bruise” Mechanism of injury Myositis Ossificans

9. Muscle Strains Strain muscle –a stretch, tear, or rip in the muscle of tendon. Grades

10. Muscle Cramps Muscle cramps –involuntary muscle contraction. Causes –Dehydration –Nervous response

11. Muscle Guarding Muscle guarding –muscle contraction in response to pain

12. Muscle Soreness Types of muscle soreness –Acute-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) –Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) Working out discomfort vs. PAINWorking out discomfort vs. PAIN HypertrophyHypertrophy

13. Nerve Injuries Neuritis –chronic nerve irritation Signs and symptoms –Drop foot

14. Chronic Overuse Injuries Importance of inflammation –Physiological effects –Signs and symptoms Pain Swelling Warmth Loss of function Redness Objective: Describe the chronic overuse injuries involving tendinits, tenosynovitis, bursitis, osteoarthritis, and myofascial trigger points.

15. Chronic Overuse Injuries Tendinitis – inflammation of a tendon. –Signs and symptoms

16. Chronic Overuse Injuries Tenosynovitis – inflammation of a tendon and its synovial sheath. –Signs and symptoms Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa sac –Signs and symptoms

17. Chronic Overuse Injuries Osteoarthritis – a wearing down of hyaline cartilage. –Signs and symptoms Myofascial trigger points – area of tenderness in a tight band of muscle. –Signs and symptoms

18. The Healing Process Phases of the healing process –Inflammatory response phase –Fibroblastic repair phase –Maturation-remodeling phase Objective: Explain the various phases of the healing process.

19. QUESTIONS / COMMENTS?