1. The Roaring Twenties
Ch. 20 & 21

2. Immigration Laws “Keep America American”
1921- Emergency Quota Act- limited immigration
1924- National Origins Act- made immigrant restriction a permanent policy
Due to these acts, Mexican immigration was in record numbers

3. A Clash of Values
Sacco-Vanzetti Case- two Italian immigrants accused of murder, claimed they were innocent (many said they were convicted just because they were immigrants). Both executed.

4. The KKK
Ku Klux Klan
Targeted African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants, & groups sharing “un-American” values
2nd. Generation KKK 1915 by Wm. Simmons (a Methodist preacher!)
Cross-burning, mob attacks, lynchings
Declined in the 1920s (scandals & power struggles)

5. Women’s Issues More single women working More women attended college
Birth control (Margaret Sanger)
Fashion changes:
“bobbed hair”
Flesh-colored stockings
Drank, smoke (in public!)
Zelda Fitgerald
Margaret
Zelda

6. The “not so roaring” Twenties
Prohibition- 18th. Amendment 1920 (outlawed alcohol- reduce unemployment, domestic violence, & poverty)
Led to bootlegging (illegal production of alcohol) speakeasies (secret bars) & organized crime
Al Capone- most successful & violent gangster of the era
st. Amendment- repealed the 18th amendment

7. Culture Artists explored what it meant to be “modern”
Greenwich Village & Chicago’s South Side- where artists, writers, intellectuals went
Hopper- revived “realism”

8. Poets
T.S. Eliot
The Hollow Men (1925) contains some of Eliot's most famous lines, most notably its conclusion:
This is the way the world ends
Not with a bang but a whimper.

9. Writers F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway The Great Gatsby
Although Nick Carraway idolized the riches and glamour of the age, he was uncomfortable with the unrestrained materialism and the lack of morality that went with it.
Ernest Hemingway
A Farewell to Arms
Considered by some critics to be the greatest war novel of all time, the novel is told through the point of view of Lieutenant Frederic Henry, an American serving as an ambulance driver in the Italian army during WWI.

10. Mass Entertainment- Radio & Movies
1920- one of the 1st. commercial radio broadcasts (station- KDKA)
Radio- Amos ‘n’ Andy- stories of two African American characters (played by white actors)
The Jazz Singer (1927)- 1st. “talkie” movie
Mass media- helped unify the nation & spread the new ideas & attitudes of the time

11. Harlem Renaissance- rebirth of the African American arts
Great Migration- movement of African Americans from the South to the North
Writer- Langston Hughes
One of the most original &
versatile writers of the H. R.
“I, Too” & “The Negro Speaks
of Rivers”

12. Harlem Renaissance Jazz & Blues
Louis Armstrong- played trumpet & cornet (jazz- influenced by ragtime)
Duke Ellington- composer, pianist, bandleader (not your marching band!) (“Mood Indigo”) Got his start at the Cotton Club
W.C. Handy- Blues composer & musician (the Father of the Blues)

13. Harlem Renaissance in pictures

14. Presidents Harding Coolidge
Return to normalcy (return to a “normal” life after WWI
Enjoyed spending time with his “Ohio Gang” (friends)
Teapot Dome Scandal
Harding’s Vice President
“Silent Cal”- simple, frugal
Prosperity rested on business leadership (govt. should interfere with business & industry as little as possible)

15. A Growing Economy Henry Ford Assembly line Model T
Ford’s Assembly Line
Modern Day Assembly Line

16. Consumer Goods Electric razors, “kleenex”, frozen foods, hair dye
Electric irons, vacuums, washing machines, refrigerators, gas stoves
Mouthwash, deodorants, cosmetics

17. Airline Industry 1927- Charles Lindbergh (transatlantic solo flight)
Amelia Earhart attempted to fly solo across the Atlantic

18. Alabama in the 1920s
In a study- was among the worst states in the country on nearly every measure of its citizens’ quality of life
Education underfunded & ineffective
Illiteracy rates were high
Prison system mismanaged & corrupt
Tax system unfair & inadequate
Public health was widely ignored
State Services improved, the economy improved, the KKK returned, Alabamian contributions towards the Jazz Age, migration of African Americans out of Alabama (loss of culture in Alabama with African Americans leaving)