1. 17.1 The Origins of Progressivism
OBJECTIVES:
Explain the four goals of progressivism
Summarize progressive efforts to clean up local government
Identify progressive efforts to clean up state government, protect workers, and reform elections.

2. 4 Goals of Progressivism
1. PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE
YMCA, Social Gospel
Florence Kelley (child welfare/labor reform)
2. PROMOTE MORAL IMPROVEMENT
Prohibition
WCTU, Frances Willard, Carry Nation
3. CREATE ECONOMIC REFORM
Reject laissez-faire policies
Embrace socialism and regulation of business
muckrakers
4. FOSTERING EFFICIENCY
Scientific management –Frederick Winslow Taylor
Assembly lines, Ford Automobile Plant

3. 7 MAIN ACTIONS OF PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS
#1 REFORM LOCAL GOVERNMENT #2 REFORM MAYORS #3 REFORM GOVERNORS #4 PROTECT WORKERS # 5 EFFORTS TO LIMIT WORKING HOURS # 6 REFORM ELECTIONS #7 DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS

4. CLEAN UP GOVERNMENT REFORMERS CLASH WITH POLITICAL
BOSSES AND POLITICAL MACHINES
#1 REFORM LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Cities begin appointing experts, such as city-managers, not politicians to run cities. Ex: Galveston, Texas.
#2 REFORM MAYORS
Progressive and Reform mayors begin winning office, esp. Detroit and Cleveland.
#3 REFORM GOVERNORS
Robert M. La Follette –famous progressive governor of Wisconsin. Founded the Progressive Party.

5. PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS
#4 PROTECT WORKERS
Workmen’s Compensation
Shirtwaist Fire (1911) – catalyst for reform
1916: Keating-Owen Act –
Prohibited the sale of goods produced with child labor across state lines. Sadly, it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
By 1920 child labor is HALF what it had been in 1910.

6. # 5 EFFORTS TO LIMIT WORKING HOURS
Maximum hours
Minimum wage
Muller v. Oregon (1908) – Supreme Court recognized protection for women in workplace by limiting their hours
Bunting v. Oregon (1917) – Supreme Court recognized 10 hour work day for men.

7. # 6 REFORM ELECTIONS
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Direct primaries
Secret Ballots

8. 7. 17th Amendment Direct election of senators
What was wrong with the process before?
Clause 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. Clause 2. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of each State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. Clause 3. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

9. TERMS Progressive movement Florence Kelley Prohibition Muckraker
Scientific management
Robert M. La Follette
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
17th Amendment
OBJECTIVES:
Explain the four goals of progressivism
Summarize progressive efforts to clean up local government
Identify progressive efforts to clean up state government, protect workers, and reform elections.

10. Women in Public Life OBJECTIVES:
Trace women’s growing presence in the turn-of-the- century workforce.
Summarize women’s leadership in reform movements and the effort to achieve woman suffrage

11. Women in the Work Force
The cult of domesticity began to wear off during the Industrial Revolution
Many African American and immigrant women began to work
In 1870, roughly 70% of female jobs were as servants
By 1900, women were working in factories, laundries and canneries.
As business expanded, women began to take “white collar” jobs
Teaching, stenographers, bookkeepers, typists etc.

12. Women Leadership in Reform
Women began to attend college in the late 19th century
Schools like Harvard and Columbia who did not allow women established colleges for women
NACW – National Association of Colored Women
Managed nurseries, reading rooms and kindergartens
Allowed African American women to have an impactful role in society

13. Right to vote
Women fought for suffrage
Women fought for suffrage in 3 different approaches
1. State level (Wyoming 1869)
2. Pursued court cases to test 14th Amendment
3. Push for a national amendment
Susan B. Anthony- was a leader in the women’s suffrage movement
“Would sooner cut off my right hand than ask the ballot for black man and not for women.”
- S.B.A.
Women formed the NAWSA, National American Woman Suffrage Association
Through their efforts, they did not achieve suffrage but brought the issue to the public.
The 19th Amendment was finally passed in 1919.

14. TERMS NACW Suffrage Susan B. Anthony NAWSA OBJECTIVES:
Trace women’s growing presence in the turn-of- the-century workforce.
Summarize women’s leadership in reform movements and the effort to achieve woman suffrage

15. 17.3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
OBJECTIVE: Understand the reforms of Roosevelt’s Administration

16. Theodore Roosevelt
Governor of NY. Reformer. Hero of Spanish American War.
Nominated to be Vice-President by Republican party bosses.
WHY??
1901 Pres. McKinley assassinated, TR becomes President.
Creates the “modern presidency” b/c of his popularity with the public and use of media/press.
Uses White House as a “bully pulpit”
What did he do to turn it into a “bully pulpit”?

17. How did Roosevelt redefine Federal Power?
2. Arbitrates the Coal Strike
What was happening in the coal mines?
Threatened to assume control of mines
HISTORICAL
SIGNIFICANCE:
Govt. did not automatically back big business
1. “Square Deal”
Roosevelt’s package of reforms
Expands the use of federal power to reform US
Why was it called the Square Deal?

18. 4. Railroad regulation 3. Trust Busting
Elkins Act of illegal for railroads to give or receive rebates
Hepburn Act of strictly limited the distribution of free railroad passes
These gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to curb the railroads power through federal regulation.
3. Trust Busting
Mixed record of success
Mixed message - considers some trusts good and other bad.
Focused on filing suits under Sherman Antitrust Act of 1902
Filed 44 antitrust lawsuits

19. PROTECTING HEALTH 1906: Meat Inspection Act:
Dictated strict cleanliness for meat factories
(reaction to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle)
What did The Jungle say?
1906: Pure Food and Drug Act
Halted the sale of contaminated food and medicines and called for truth in labeling

20. Roosevelt and REFORM CIVIL RIGHTS CONSERVATION
Ambiguous record dealing with Civil Rights
Hosted Booker T. Washington at White House,
Yet, did not embrace reforms of NAACP
What was the goal of the NAACP?
CONSERVATION
Created US Forest Service
Creates over 50 national parks & wilderness areas

21. TERMS Theodore Roosevelt
Square Deal
The Jungle
Upton Sinclair
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
Conservation
NAACP
OBJECTIVE: Understand the reforms of Roosevelt’s Administration

22. Progressivism Under Taft
Objectives:
Summarize the Taft Presidency
Trace the division of the Republican party
Describe the election of 1912

23. Taft’s Presidency “Never felt like the President”
Busted 90 trusts but never got the credit he deserved
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Signed into law by Taft
Didn’t really lower tariffs like Progressives wanted to
Why were Progressives in favor of lowering tariffs?
Public Land problems – Taft ended up selling many western lands to big business angering conservatives

24. Republican Party Splits
Conservative Republicans and Progressive Republicans split
Speaker of House Joseph Cannon often ignored Progressive bills
He was supported by Taft
Election of the Democrats regain Congress in for first time in 18 years

25. Bull Moose Party
Angry at Taft’s lack of success, Roosevelt ran for President again
Created the Progressive Party which came to be known as the Bull Moose Party.
People boasted Teddy was strong as a “bull moose”
Were in favor of Progressive reforms
Initiative, referendum, women’s suffrage, minimum wage etc.
Democrats selected Woodrow Wilson to represent them.

26. Election of 1912
“Don’t interfere when your enemy is destroying himself”
Taft and Roosevelt attacked each other during the campaign
Taft – lenient on Big Business
Roosevelt – govt. action to support big business, but didn’t oppose all of them
Wilson – small business and free- market competition, ALL big business = EVIL
Debs – end to capitalism

28. TERMS William Howard Taft Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bull Moose Party
Woodrow Wilson
Objectives:
Summarize the Taft Presidency
Trace the division of the Republican party
Describe the election of 1912