1. The Pathways and Transitions Studies Robyn Munford Jackie SandersWith grateful thanks to: The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment who have funded the research and to Linda Liebenberg and Michael Ungar in Canada who conceptualised the original Pathways study and have supported the development of the research. Achieving good outcomes with vulnerable youth

2. Do you ever wonder what happened to those children you saw in your practice, those who you worried about and who came to mind when you were not at work, those you felt a sense of disquiet about?

3. Two Studies Pathways to Resilience. The role of services and resilience in outcomes for youth at high risk Youth Transitions. Factors associated with positive transitions to young adulthood for high risk youth National sample Mixed methods Multi stage

4. Who are the young people? 1494 youth 1494 youth 61% male, 39% female 61% male, 39% female 45% Maori, 18% Pacific, 34% Pakeha/other euro, 4% other 45% Maori, 18% Pacific, 34% Pakeha/other euro, 4% other 12-17 years. Mean age 15.7 years 12-17 years. Mean age 15.7 years Service involvement: 339 welfare, 642 youth justice, 642 alternative education, 351 mental health Service involvement: 339 welfare, 642 youth justice, 642 alternative education, 351 mental health

5. High service users are very different to comparison group youth

6. Service Use – what makes a difference? Staff engagement Staff engagement Agency (by the young person) Agency (by the young person) Convergence between professionals Convergence between professionals Avoid episodic interventions for chronic problems Avoid episodic interventions for chronic problems Hard to reach? Hard to reach?

7. Education Do whatever it takes to keep youth engaged and achieving in school

8. Accelerated and compressed transitions Compressed childhoods: Frequent moves Frequent moves Social & emotional disruption Social & emotional disruption Unpredictable and little effective family support Unpredictable and little effective family support Abuse & neglect Abuse & neglect Accelerated autonomy: Adult decisions Adult decisions Financial responsibility Financial responsibility We gratefully thank all the young people and their supporters who participated in the research. We also acknowledge the contribution of The Donald Beasley Institute, The Victoria University Research Trust and its staff, Youthline Auckland and all the other researchers who helped with the research.