1. An Enduring Presence? Moving beyond single interventions with vulnerable youth With grateful thanks to: The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment who have funded the research and to Linda Liebenberg and Mike Ungar in Canada who conceptualised the original Pathways study and have supported the development of the research. The Pathways to Resilience and Youth Transitions Studies Robyn Munford Jackie Sanders www.youthsay.co.nz

2. © RRC

3. Level of Functioning Time Expected/ Actual Patterns of positive development © RRC

4. Level of Functioning Time Chronic Stressors Expected Acute Stressor/trauma Actual “Hidden Resilience” Patterns of Positive Development Under Adversity © RRC

6. In the presence of significant adversity resilience is the capacity of individuals to navigate their way to the psychological, social, cultural and physical resources that sustain their well-being and their capacity to individually and collectively negotiate for these resources to be provided in culturally meaningful ways © RRC

7. 2537 1350 1057 1200 1477

8. Two Studies National samples Mixed methods Multi stage Pathways to Resilience. The role of services and resilience in outcomes for youth at high risk. Two groups – service using and comparison Youth Transitions. Factors associated with positive transitions to young adulthood for high risk youth. Tracking development for service using youth

9. 2008 2014

10. Who are the young people? 1477 young people Range : 12-17 years Mean age 15.7 years

11. Comparing Risk and Resilience HIGH LOW

12. Compressed childhoods: Frequent moves Social & emotional disruption Unpredictable or little effective family support Abuse & neglect Accelerated autonomy: Adult decisions Financial responsibility Caring for others early Accelerated and Compressed Development

13. The Role of Services in Moderating Risk, Building Resilience and Enhancing Outcomes Contextual Risk Individual Risk Service Quality Service volume Outcomes Resilience Positive effect Negative effect

14. The Role of Consistent Service Quality Positive parent relationship Positive school relationships Community risks Individual risks Two positive service experiences Resilience Outcomes Positive effect Negative effect Positive peers

15. 4 Key Messages Relationships Persistence Time Adaptable/agile responses

16. An Enduring Presence We’re just the lost generation that had shit parents, and are angry at everybody in the world. You just have to be there for the person. Like the extra mile, like how [my social worker] said: ‘if you don’t txt me, I’ll find you’. And she did find me. Took me to [a café]… And she just talked to me and said: ‘It’s got to stop’ [drug use]. But she talked to me on my level when she was talking to me. She wasn’t talking to me as this person that had to do their job. I was real to her, it helped.

17. Observed Neglect It’s pretty much a waste of time for me doing that [telling people what is going on] coz when it comes to services and that, they dont want to know your back life, they just wanna know a little bit then they take you away put you away and then that’s it. File closed. Or we’ll send you back to your family, send you back to drugs and drunks. And then close the file that’s it.

18. What could we do differently? She never judged me. I was scared. I didn’t know why I got angry. She just kept seeing me and talking to me about it and I got to understand what was going on. She talked to me heaps, she listened to me heaps, [we worked out ]what I could do, like remove myself from situations, stuff like that.

19. The Enduring Presence First I went to the GP, and then to CAFS. Then the social worker got me to go to counselling. And she took me there. I wouldn’t have gone otherwise. She was always there when I needed someone to talk to, and she helped me understand what was going on for me. I saw them every week and they sometimes would come to my meetings with me (with other workers). They would stand up for me, and have a talk, and yeah that helped me.

20. 1.Ecological approaches 2.Engaged, responsive, respectful and reliable 3.Youth focused, consistent approach 4.Collaborative Good Practice

21. Acknowledgements YMCA Palmerston North YOSS Palmerston North Adventure Development Ltd Mt Cargill Trust London House Learning Centre Te Hou Ora Whanau Services Mirror Services Whakāta Tohu Tohu Kokiri Training Centre Corstorphine Baptist Community Trust Presbyterian Support Otago Family Works YouthGrow and Buddy Programme Presybterian Support Upper South Island, Christchurch Cafe for Youth Health Taupo Best Training Glenfield AOG youth 2 Much YDP South Pacific Academy YMCA Challenge 2000 City Mission EVOLVE Mission for Youth BGI Porirua Alt School VIBE Wellington Activity Centre Porirua Activity Centre Strengthening Families BGI 198 Youth Health The Collaborative District Health Boards is Bluelight Dingwall Trust Genesis Project Martin Hautus Institute AIMHI Alternative Education Consortium Auckland Central Alternative Education Consortium Aotea College QEC College PN St Patricks Town School Awatapu College St Peters College PN Strive Trust Kings College Wellington Girls College The Ministry of Education We would like to thank all the young people who have participated in this study and taken the time to share their experiences with us. They have been generous in their time and in the effort they have put into answering a complex questionnaire. Many of the youth who participated in this research also nominated an adult who knew a lot about them (PMK) who we could interview. We would like to thank all the PMK who generously gave their time to this study. The following individuals and organisations have provided intensive support to us at various points in the study. Professor Michael Ungar and Dr Linda Liebenberg at the Resilience Research Centre based at Dalhousie University in Halifax Canada provided the methodologies and research materials and supported us in applying their ground-breaking Canadian study in New Zealand. They have provided enormous amounts of ongoing support to the project. Kāpiti Youth Support (KYS) and particularly Raechel the Manager and Briar the social worker, Presbyterian Support Upper South Island, and in particular Sue Quinn, the Highbury Whānau Centre and particularly Michelle Swain and Anjali Butler, Pete Butler and his team at START, Youth Transitions in Palmerston North. Special thanks to Barbara, Vicki and the team at Otago Youth Wellness Trust who provided assistance and support to the Dunedin research team for the duration of the study. The Ministry of Social Development, and particularly Child Youth and Family, The Families Commission, as well as the Department of Corrections also provided ongoing support at various stages in the research which would like to acknowledge. We also acknowledge the contribution of the Victoria University Research Trust and its staff; The Donald Beasley Institute; Youthline Auckland and Otago University. Finally, we would like to thank and acknowledge the Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment for funding this research. In addition to this many organisations across the country supported the research at various stages in its development and we would like to thank them for everything they have done to contribute to the research: