1. AP Language January 7-8 I CAN EDIT SENTENCES FOR MISTAKES IN MECHANICS AND WORDINESS. I CAN ANALYZE A WRITER’S PURPOSE IN AN ESSAY. I CAN EVALUATE A WRITER’S THESIS IN AN ESSAY. I CAN IDENTIFY RHETORICAL DEVICES OF CONTRAST AND ORDER IN A TEXT.

2. Edit the following sentences Possessives: When forming the possessive of a singular noun ending in s sound, add only an apostrophe if the noun has two or more syllables and if the addition of an apostrophe and an s will make the noun awkward to pronounce. Otherwise, add an apostrophe and an s. In names of more than one syllable, ending in s, the additional s is optional if it won't be pronounced. Examples:for conscience’ sakeMs. Schwartz’s carthe witness’s testimony Louis’s opinionXerxes’ army (two syllables and the extra s won’t be pronounced) Usage, Plurals, Comma Most males look at there fingernails upside down but most females look at their’s right side up. Title, Plurals, Subject-Verb Agreement, Apostrophe, Capitalization London and Paris is the two citys in Charles Dickens novel a tale of two cities. Wordiness, Comma At the edge of the river we boarded a small boat that was floating there on the surface of the water.

3. Check yourself Usage, Plurals, Comma Most males look at their fingernails upside down, but most females look at theirs right side up. Hyphens between right-side-up are optional. Title, Plurals, Subject-Verb Agreement, Apostrophe, Capitalization London and Paris are the two cities in Charles Dickens’s novel A Tale of Two Cities. No comma after “novel” because Dickens wrote so many novels that the title is necessary; apostrophe and s on Dickens because we pronounce the extra s when we say his name as a possessive. Wordiness, Comma At the edge of the river, we boarded a small boat that was floating there on the surface of the water. (Where else would a boat be floating?)

4. Remember: Voice Lessons Syntax and Persuasion Balance and Contrast  Antimetabole: a sentence strategy in which the arrangement of ideas in the second phrase or clause is a reversal of the first (using the same words); also called chiastic structure.  “...knowing that while we are at home in the body we are absent from the Lord—for we walk by faith, not by sight—we are of good courage, I say, and prefer rather to be absent from the body and to be home with the Lord.” –2 Corinthians 5:6-8  “Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.” – John F. Kennedy  Antithesis: a contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction  “I did not come to abolish, but to fulfill.” –Matthew 5:17b  “To err is human; to forgive, divine.” –Alexander Pope

5. Voice Lessons Syntax and Persuasion Repetition  Anadiplosis: the repetition of a prominent (usually final) word or phrase at the beginning of the next successive phrases.  “But if the possibility of evil be to exclude good, no good ever can be done.” –Samuel Johnson  “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.” –Yoda (This is also parallelism.)

6. Guess the Persuasive finish based on Syntax 4. Myths are public dreams,. --Joseph Campbell Anadiplosis: The first word of the missing phrase will probably be Antimetabole: What is the opposite of a public dream? The completion will probably be Myths are public dreams, dreams are private myths.

7. Guess the Persuasive finish based on Syntax 7. I don’t know the key to success, but. --Bill Cosby Anadiplosis: The first word of the missing phrase will probably be Antithesis: What is the opposite of success? The completion will probably be I don’t know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everybody.

8. As you read In 50 Essays, read “The Prince” on page 221. As you read, look for the qualities that Machiavelli argues make an effective ruler. Make a note of any aphorisms, “wise” or “true” sayings, that you find particularly well-stated or appropriate for leadership. Write these aphorisms in your journal under yesterday’s entry.

9. After Reading In paragraph 1, what does Machiavelli write that lets us know that his essay will not discuss what we typically regard as an effective leader? Is he right in his assessment about negative characteristics in leaders? In paragraph two, what rhetorical device does Machiavelli use to develop his classifications of leaders? Do numbers 2 and 3 in the discussion questions on pages 229-230.