1. By Kyle Costello, Tanya Cotnoir, and Katie Jilette

2. How the Trials started During the winter of 1691, an African/Indian woman named Tituba showed some young girls methods of palm-reading and fortune telling. She also claimed she know how to distinguish witches from regular people. During the winter of 1691, an African/Indian woman named Tituba showed some young girls methods of palm-reading and fortune telling. She also claimed she know how to distinguish witches from regular people. Soon, the children whom Tituba had shown the magic began to have nightmares and fits involving screaming and trance-like states, and many spoke of being possessed by evil Soon, the children whom Tituba had shown the magic began to have nightmares and fits involving screaming and trance-like states, and many spoke of being possessed by evil When the attention of the elders was risen, a doctor was called who concluded that the mysterious behavior was caused by witchcraft When the attention of the elders was risen, a doctor was called who concluded that the mysterious behavior was caused by witchcraft The group of girls included Elizabeth Paris, Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam, Mercy Lewis, Mary Wolcott, Elizabeth Hubbard, Elizabeth Booth, Susannah Sheldon, Mary Warren, and Sarah Churchill The group of girls included Elizabeth Paris, Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam, Mercy Lewis, Mary Wolcott, Elizabeth Hubbard, Elizabeth Booth, Susannah Sheldon, Mary Warren, and Sarah Churchill Tituba, the Indian woman who showed the children Witchcraft

3. How the Trials Started The girls were asked several times who had caused them to act strangely, and had named Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne. They were all arrested on February 28, 1692 The girls were asked several times who had caused them to act strangely, and had named Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne. They were all arrested on February 28, 1692 Town officials escorting a “witch” to Gallows Hill to be hanged

4. Judge John Hathorne John Hathorne was born to William Hathorne and Anne Smith on August 5, 1641 John Hathorne was born to William Hathorne and Anne Smith on August 5, 1641 Became a merchant and a politician, and later acted as a Justice of the Peace and a judge for the county of Salem and surrounding areas Became a merchant and a politician, and later acted as a Justice of the Peace and a judge for the county of Salem and surrounding areas  Questioned accused Witches as part of a committee of inquisition in Salem during the trials  Hathorne died in Salem on May 17, 1717   Years Later, Nathaniel Hawthorne, the great-grandson of John Hathorne, changed his name out of shame for the wrongful persecution of “witches” Judge John Hathorne

5. Lies and Injustice in the Courts The magistrates (Corwin and Hathorne) believed that the suspects were guilty, so they prosecuted based on their beliefs and did not remain impartial. The magistrates (Corwin and Hathorne) believed that the suspects were guilty, so they prosecuted based on their beliefs and did not remain impartial. During the trials, the options for the accused witches were few. If they claimed innocence, they would be hanged, and if they confessed and agreed to testify against other “witches,” they would live. During the trials, the options for the accused witches were few. If they claimed innocence, they would be hanged, and if they confessed and agreed to testify against other “witches,” they would live. “The Court of Oyer and Terminar,” created by Governor Phips, allowed spectral evidence, such as a 'touch test,' gossip, and unsupported claims which lacked any real basis in fact. “The Court of Oyer and Terminar,” created by Governor Phips, allowed spectral evidence, such as a 'touch test,' gossip, and unsupported claims which lacked any real basis in fact. Accused witches could not have a lawyer, could not have anyone to testify on their behalf, and could not appeal the final decision. Accused witches could not have a lawyer, could not have anyone to testify on their behalf, and could not appeal the final decision. Rebecca Nurse was part of a family that had a long standing argument with the Putnams. The girl that accused her was young Ann Putnam. Rebecca Nurse was part of a family that had a long standing argument with the Putnams. The girl that accused her was young Ann Putnam.

6. Lies and Injustice in the Courts When the judgment from the jury of Rebecca Nurse's trial came back not guilty, Chief Justice Stoughton ordered them to reconsider. When the judgment from the jury of Rebecca Nurse's trial came back not guilty, Chief Justice Stoughton ordered them to reconsider. The main witness in the trial of tavern owner and with witch hunt skeptic John Proctor was a worker at a competing tavern named Indian John. The main witness in the trial of tavern owner and with witch hunt skeptic John Proctor was a worker at a competing tavern named Indian John. Mercy Lewis, one of the afflicted girls, used a detailed story of her experience that was almost identical to a scripture in Matthew 4:8 in the Bible. Mercy Lewis, one of the afflicted girls, used a detailed story of her experience that was almost identical to a scripture in Matthew 4:8 in the Bible. When the ex-minister stood on Gallows Hill waiting to be hung; he recited the Lord's Prayer perfectly, which was something that witches could not do. This caused the crowd to become deeply moved, but he was hanged anyway. When the ex-minister stood on Gallows Hill waiting to be hung; he recited the Lord's Prayer perfectly, which was something that witches could not do. This caused the crowd to become deeply moved, but he was hanged anyway.

7. Hathorne questions the “witches” On March 1, 1692, a Magistrate named John Hathorne, along with Jonathan Corwin, questioned the three women On March 1, 1692, a Magistrate named John Hathorne, along with Jonathan Corwin, questioned the three women The girls who had acted strangely began to accuse the women and other citizens of witchcraft The girls who had acted strangely began to accuse the women and other citizens of witchcraft Many other people came forward and testified that they had also been harmed by the “witches” in the town Many other people came forward and testified that they had also been harmed by the “witches” in the town Many people were accused, especially women whose behavior was not normal by Puritan standards during the time Many people were accused, especially women whose behavior was not normal by Puritan standards during the time A courtroom of a witch trial during questioning, possibly Hathorne

8. Punishment for the Innocent Sarah Osborne and another accused witch, Sarah Dustin were found guilty of witchcraft and died in jail, because of the harsh conditions, before they could be hanged Sarah Osborne and another accused witch, Sarah Dustin were found guilty of witchcraft and died in jail, because of the harsh conditions, before they could be hanged Sarah Good was hanged on July 19, 1692 Sarah Good was hanged on July 19, 1692 Martha Corey was arrested and questioned by John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin. Her husband testified against her, and she was prosecuted and hanged for witchcraft. Martha Corey was arrested and questioned by John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin. Her husband testified against her, and she was prosecuted and hanged for witchcraft. The Hanging of Sarah Good, a convicted “witch,” questioned by John Hathorne

9. Names of “Witches” Bridget Bishop Bridget Bishop Sarah Good Sarah Good Susannah Martin Susannah Martin Elizabeth Howe Elizabeth Howe Rebecca Nurse Rebecca Nurse Sarah Wildes Sarah Wildes George Jabobs George Jabobs Martha Carrier Martha Carrier Rev. George Burroughs Rev. George Burroughs John Proctor John Proctor John Willard John Willard Martha Corey Martha Corey Mary Easty Mary Easty Alice Parker Alice Parker Ann Prudeater Ann Prudeater Wilmot Redd Wilmot Redd Margaret Scott Margaret Scott Samuel Wardwell Samuel Wardwell Town officials escorting a “witch” to Gallows Hill to be hanged

10. The Aftermath of The Witch Trials Samuel Sewall, a judge ruling over the cases, issued a public apology for convicting and killing so many innocent people Samuel Sewall, a judge ruling over the cases, issued a public apology for convicting and killing so many innocent people Many other people who had influence on the outcomes of the trial shifted blame to others, and some refused to apologize at all. Many other people who had influence on the outcomes of the trial shifted blame to others, and some refused to apologize at all.

11. References The Cory Family Society The Cory Family Society http://www.coryfamsoc.com./articles/witch.htm Salem Witchcraft Trials 1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials 1692 http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/sale m/SALEM.HTM http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/sale m/SALEM.HTM Discovery.com: A Village Possessed Discovery.com: A Village Possessed http://www.discovery.com/stories/history/witches/tri als.html http://www.discovery.com/stories/history/witches/tri als.html