1. Chapter 6, 7, & 8 Computer Hardware McGraw-HillCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. The System Unit McGraw-HillCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine the power of microcomputers. Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to make good buying decisions and to determine if your current system will run new applications. Competent end users need to understand the basic principles of how microcomputers are put together. These principles will be covered in this chapter. Introduction 1-3 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. System Unit 1-4 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Desktop System Units Media Center System Units Notebook System Units Tablet PC System Units Handheld Computer System Units System Unit Types 1-5 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Connects all components Allows communication between devices Main board or motherboard Circuit board electronic components –Sockets –Slots –Bus lines System Board 1-6 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Two Basic Components –Control unit –Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) Microprocessor Chips 1-7 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Chip capacities are expressed in word sizes Two Recent Significant Developments –64-bit processors Have become standard for most of today’s desktop and laptop computers –Multi-Core Chips Can provide two separate and independent CPUs Parallel processing Microprocessor Chips 1-8 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Holding area for data, instructions, and information Memory is contained on chips connected to the system board Types of memory chips –RAMRAM –ROMROM –FlashFlash Memory 1-9 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold the program and data –Cache memory or RAM cache –Flash RAM or flash memory Other types of RAM –DRAM –SDRAM –DDR –Direct RDRAM RAM 1-10 Return Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. Read-only memory (ROM) chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs but the computer cannot write Contain special instructions –Needed to start a computer –Give keyboard keys their special capabilities –Put characters on screen ROM 1-11 Return Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Flash memory offers a combination of the features of RAM and ROM. Flash memory is used for a wide of range of applications. If changes are made to the computer system, these changes are reflected in flash memory. Flash 1-12 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Allow for new devices to be added –Open architecture –Slots provide for expansion Expansion cards are also called … –Plug-in boards –Controller cards –Adapter cards –Interface cards Expansion Slots and Cards 1-13 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Graphics cards Sound cards Modem cards Network interface cards (NIC) PC cards and Express cards TV tuner cards Commonly Used Expansion Cards 1-14 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

15. Set of specific hardware and software standards developed by Intel, Microsoft, and others Creating devices that are able to configure themselves when installed Plug and Play 1-15 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

16. Connect parts of the CPU to each other Data roadway for traveling bits –Measured as bus width –More lanes, faster traffic Two basic categories –System buses –Expansion busesExpansion buses Bus Lines 1-16 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17. Ports Socket for connecting external devices Ports can connect directly to the system board or they can connect to cards that are inserted into slots on the system board Three Types –Standard PortsStandard Ports –Legacy PortsLegacy Ports –Specialized PortsSpecialized Ports 1-17 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

18. Four common ports –VGA –USB ports –FireWire ports –Ethernet ports Standard Ports 1-18 Return Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

19. Serial ports Parallel ports Keyboard and mouse ports Game ports Infrared data association (IrDA) Legacy Ports 1-19 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Return

20. Three specialized ports –Musical Instrument digital interface (MIDI) –Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format (S/PDIF) –High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) Specialized Ports 1-20 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

21. Used to connect exterior devices to the system unit via the ports One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the port Cables 1-21 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

22. Computers require direct current (DC) DC power provided by converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries Desktop computers use power supply units Notebooks and handhelds use AC adapters Power Supply 1-22 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

23. Input & Output McGraw-HillCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

24. Do you ever wonder how information gets into your computer and comes out in a form you can use? –Input devices convert what we understand into what the system unit can process –Output devices convert what the system unit has processed into a form that we can understand – Input and output devices are the focus of this chapter Introduction 1-24 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

25. Any data or instructions used by a computer Input devices –Hardware Keyboards Pointing devices Scanning devices Other devices –Translates data into a form that the system unit can process What is Input? 1-25 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

26. Mice –Mechanical –Optical –Cordless or wireless Three similar devices to mice –Trackball –Touch pads –Pointing stick Pointing Devices (Page 1 of 2) 1-26 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

27. Joystick Touch Screen –Multi-touch screen Stylus Pointing Devices (Page 2 of 2) 1-27 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

28. Optical scanners –Flatbed scanners –Document scanners –Portable scanners Card Readers –Magnetic card readers –Radio Frequency card readers Scanning Devices 1-28 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

29. Digital cameras –Images recorded digitally on a disk –Images can be downloaded to a computer Digital video cameras –Records motion digitally –Can take still images as well –WebCams Specialized digital video cameras Broadcast images over the Internet Image Capturing Devices 1-29 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

30. Audio-Input Devices Voice recognition systems –Use a microphone, a sound card, and special software –Users can operate computers and create documents using voice commands 1-30 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

31. Processed data or information Types of output –Text –Graphics/Photos –Audio & video Output devices –MonitorsMonitors –PrintersPrinters –Other DevicesOther Devices What is Output? 1-31 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

32. Known as screens or display screens Output referred to as soft copy Features –Resolution/pixels –Dot pitch –Refresh rate –Size Monitors (Page 1 of 2) 1-32 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

33. Cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitors Flat-panel monitors –Require less power to operate –Portable and thinner than CRTs Other monitors –E-books readers –Data projectors –High-definition television (HDTV) Monitors (Page 2 of 2) 1-33 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

34. Translates information that has been processed by the system unit Output referred to as hard copy Features –Resolution –Color capability –Speed –Memory Printers (Page 1 of 2) 1-34 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

35. Ink-jet printer Laser printer –Personal laser printers –Shared laser printers Thermal printer Other printers –Dot-matrix printers –Plotters –Photo printers –Portable printers Printers (Page 2 of 2) 1-35 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

36. Translates audio information from the computer into sounds that people can understand Common devices –Speakers –Headphones Digital Music Players –iPod –iRiver Audio-Output Devices 1-36 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

37. Fax machines Multifunctional Devices (MFD) Internet telephones –Known as Internet telephony –IP telephony –Voice-over IP (VoIP) –Three approachesThree approaches Combination Input and Output Devices 1-37 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

38. Secondary Storage McGraw-HillCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

39. Data storage has expanded from text and numeric files to include digital music files, photographic files, video files, and much more. These new types of files require secondary storage devices with much greater capacity than floppy disks. In this chapter, you will learn about the many types of secondary storage devices including their capabilities and limitations. Introduction 1-39 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

40. Storage Primary storage –Volatile storage –Temporary storage Secondary storage –Nonvolatile storage –Permanent storage Secondary storage characteristics –Media –Capacity –Storage devices –Access speed 1-40 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

41. Secondary Storage Devices Provides permanent or nonvolatile storage Data and programs can be retained after the computer has been shut off Most desktop microcomputer systems have hard and optical disk drives 1-41 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

42. Use thicker, metallic platters for storage Faster than a floppy diskette Large capacity Sensitive instruments There are three types of hard disks: –Internal Hard DiskInternal Hard Disk –External Hard DisksExternal Hard Disks –Digital Versatile DiscsDigital Versatile Discs Performance Enhancements Hard Disks 1-42 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

43. Materials that Cause a Head Crash Head crash is a disaster for a hard disk 1-43 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

44. Located inside system unit Designated as the C drive Advantages over other removable media –Capacity –Access speed Internal Hard Disk 1-44 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

45. Removable hard disks Used to complement internal hard disk Capacities of 20 to 500 GB External Hard Disks 1-45 PC Card Hard Disks Hard-disk cartridge Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

46. Solid –state drives (SSDs) Flash memory cards –Widely used in notebook computers –Used to record MP3 music files USB Drives –Flash drives –Very compact –Capacity from 1 GB to 256 GB Solid-State Storage 1-46 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

47. Hold over 50 gigabytes of data Attributes –Lands –Pits Three types –Compact Disc (CD)Compact Disc (CD) –Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) –Hi-Def DiscHi-Def Disc Optical Disks 1-47 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

48. Optical format From 650 MB to 1 GB capacity Rotation speeds vary Three basic types –Read only: CD-ROM –Write once: CD-R –Rewriteable: CD-RW Compact Disc 1-48 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

49. DVD stands for digital versatile disk or digital video disk DVD-ROM DVD+R and DVD-R DVD+RW, DVD-RW, and DVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disks 1-49 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

50. Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc (DVD) Similar to CDs, but can store more data Three basic types –Read only: DVD-ROM –Write once: DVD+R; DVD-R –Rewritable: DVD+RW; DVD-RW; DVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disc 1-50 Return Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

51. Next generation of optical disc Far greater capacity than DVDs Three basic types –Read only –Write once –Rewriteable Two competing hi def formats –HD DVD –Blu-Ray High-Definition Disc 1-51 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

52. Online storage services Floppy disks Magnetic tape Other Types of Secondary Storage 1-52 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.