1. Study Guide For 3 rd Nine Weeks Exam!!!!!!! Robertson’s near genius 6 th grade Social Studies class.

2. Citizen Participation Autocracy-citizens have limited or no control, power in the hands of one person Oligarchy-citizens have limited control, power in the hands of a small group Democracy-citizens in control by voting, power in the hands of the voters Distribution of Power Unitary-National government in control Confederation-Local governments in control Federal-power divided by local and national governments

3. Human-Made Trade Barriers Tariff – Tariff – a Tax on Imported Goods (makes them more expensive & makes it less likely consumers will buy) Quota- A Limit on the amount of goods that can be imported from another country. Embargo- Embargo- A total Ban on trade with a country – Usually motivated by politics to hurt another country economically.

4. What are the 4 Factors of Production? Natural Resources Human Capital Physical Capital Entrepreneurship

5. R56 – GDP & Investment in Human & Capital Resources SS6E7 The student will describe factors that influence economic growth and examine their presence or absence in Latin America. a. Explain the relationship between investment in human capital (education and training) and gross domestic product (GDP). b. Explain the relationship between investment in capital (factories, machinery, and technology) and gross domestic product (GDP). c. Describe the role of natural resources in a country’s economy. d. Describe the role of entrepreneurship. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key Vocabulary Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – the Total Value ($) of all goods & services produced in a country in one year Natural Resources – “Gifts of Nature” EXAMPLES: Trees, Water, Oil, Arable Land, Minerals, Livestock Human Capital (Resources) – People w/ the skills & knowledge necessary to produce EXAMPLES: Doctor, Mechanic, Teacher, Lawyer, Accountant Physical Capital – The tools, machinery, & technology needed to produce EXAMPLES: Drill, Hammer, Computer, Delivery Truck Entrepreneur – Person/People willing to take the risk of starting a business for profit in a market economy ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____

6. What is SPECIALIZATION? How can specialization encourage trade between countries & help consumers? What are the risks of specialization? When a country puts most of it’s effort into producing only the good(s) and/or service(s) it can produce most easily & efficiently (fast & cheap) Examples: Venezuela→ Oil Guatemala→ Coffee Specialization increases trade because countries can get what they need/want at the lowest cost. Example: Guatemala can produce high quality coffee very cheap, but it can’t produce wheat. The USA can produce high quality wheat very cheap, but not coffee. So…… If Guatemala trades us coffee for wheat, we’ll all get the stuff we want for cheaper→ Everybody wins!!!!!!! If the supply or demand of the product go down, you may lose the ability to make money. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket!”

7. What is Literacy Rate? % of a country’s population (15yrs. & Up) that can READ & WRITE What is Standard of Living? “Quality of Life” – Based on availability of resources to citizens What sort of statistical data can be used to gauge, or measure standard of living? Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality Rate, Average Income, Average Level of Education, Amount of Internet Users, Etc. Did we find a relationship between literacy rate & standard of living during our data analysis? YES….. We found: that countries w/ a higher literacy rate typically had a higher standard of living & countries w/ a lower literacy typically had a lower standard of living=

8. Question Time!!!!!! What is a tariff? What is a quota? What is an embargo? What does GDP stand for? What is an autocracy? What is a democracy? Who has the power in a confederation?

9. Country Official Type of Government Citizen Participation Distribution Of Power BRAZIL MEXICO CUBA Federal Republic Democratic (18-70 yrs Mandatory Voting) Federal (26 States & 1 Federal District) Federal Republic Democratic (must be 18-not mandatory) Federal (31 States & 1 Federal District) Communist State (Elected? Dictatorship) One-Party (Cuban Communist Party) Democracy (must be 16 –not mandatory) UNITARY

10. Oil Related Pollution in Venezuela ISSUE Water- Water-Oil spills into the water Air- Air-Burning of oil & natural gas WHERE The on & offshore coastal areas of Venezuela CAUSES The practices and accidents of Oil and Natural Gas industries, which are very important to the economy of the nation. EFFECTS 1. Water Pollution 2. Reduction in Fish/Animal Populations 3. Breathing problems for children & the elderly 4. Possible contribution to “global warming” So what’s being done about it? Unfortunately, very little to nothing. The oil & natural gas industries are so important to the economy, that anything that may limit their ability to produce & earn profit is usually not done. The oil & natural gas industries are so important to the economy, that anything that may limit their ability to produce & earn profit is usually not done.

11. Environmental Issue Where Cause(s) Negative Effects What’s being done to deal w/ the problem? Oil- Related Pollution Venezuela Coastal Areas & Lake Maracaibo Oil Spills dump oil into water Burning of Oil- Introducing CO 2 Into the air Polluted waters affect plant/animal species *Hurts the fishing industry Breathing problems associated w/ air pollution Nothing substantial is being done yet *B/C the government runs the oil industry & doesn’t want to regulate itself

12. Environmental Issue Where Cause(s) Negative Effects What’s being done to deal w/ the problem? Destruction Of Rain Forests Amazon Basin (Brazil) Timber companies clearing land for wood & to make room for agriculture (farming) Loss of habitat for plant & animal species Approx. 20% of Earth’s oxygen is produced in the Amazon Rainforest New laws limit the amount of trees that can be cut down *These laws are not very well enforced

13. Environmental Issue Where Cause(s) Negative Effects What’s being done to deal w/ the problem? Urban (City) Air Pollution Mexico City, Mexico Emissions from Factories & Cars Very High Population Density (19 Million) *Geography doesn’t help→ Mexico City is surrounded by mountains, which trap smog in the city by blocking winds. Ugly brown cloud over the city Breathing problems among the population- High amount of lung/breathing related diseases -Drivers are asked to leave their cars @ home 1 day a week -Citizens are encouraged to ride bus, train, or carpool -Cars inspected to control exhaust emissions -On bad days, some businesses close -Working on cleaner burning fuels

14. The Countries You Must Know!!!

15. COUNTRY LOCATION CLIMATE NATURAL RESOURCES Mexico South of USA; between the Pacific ocean & the Gulf of Mexico Many ports for shipping goods & has a long border w/ US making trade easy w/ the USA North Dry, Hot, & Mountainous climate South/Coasts Tropical & Sub-Tropical *Most people tend to live in urban (city) areas & along the coasts Some Arable Land (approx. 12%) Oil (10 th Largest oil exporter in the world) Silver (15% of the worlds silver) Natural/Scenic Beauty- “Tourism” 2 nd Largest country in Latin America Largest Spanish- Speaking country in the world

16. COUNTRY LOCATION CLIMATE NATURAL RESOURCES VENEZUELA Northern South America w/ Coastline on the Caribbean Sea *Panama Canal provides easy access to the Pacific Ocean Borders: Colombia, Brazil, & Guyana Hot Tropical Abundant Rain *Most people tend to live in the coastal cities b/c they’re a little drier. Fish Oil (6 th Largest oil exporter in the world) Some arable land (approx. 3%)

17. COUNTRY LOCATION CLIMATE NATURAL RESOURCES Brazil Largest country in Latin America Eastern South America Much coastline on the Atlantic Ocean Borders every country in South America but Chile & Ecuador Major Corridor: Amazon River *Most people live in the coastal cities Hot Tropical *Ideal for Rainforests Mild in the southern Brazilian Highlands Some Arable Land (approx. 7%) Sugar Cane Coffee Soybeans Timber Metals Oil

18. COUNTRY LOCATION CLIMATE NATURAL RESOURCES CUBA Caribbean Island 90mi. South of Florida Access to: Atlantic Ocean Gulf of Mexico Caribbean Sea *Largest Island in the Caribbean Tropical Warm/Hot Rainy Season: May-October Dry Season: November-April Hurricanes can be an environmental hazard Arable Land (approx. 28%) Sugar Cane Tobacco Fish Tourism *Relies on Venezuela for energy resources (oil)

19. Question Time!!! Where did we study air pollution? Where did we study oil pollution? What country has rainforest? What country is largest Spanish speaking country in the world? What country is the 6 th largest oil exporter in the world?

25. Pacific Ocean Largest and deepest of the world ’ s five oceans Larger than the total land area of the world

28. You cannot possibly be asking me more questions time!!! What ocean is to the west of the Americas? What ocean is to the east of the Americas? What country go so bored they dug a trench connecting these two oceans? What was the incredibly unique name they gave to this trench? What is the name of the mountain range along west side of South America?

29. Who are the Canadians? The people of Canada are not only of French & British descent. More than 50 different ethnic groups make up the population of Canada today. More than 2/3 of the population are of European descent. Some can trace their roots to Africa or Asia.

30. European Immigrants In the 1600’s, Britain & France both established colonies in Canada. These two countries were enemies & often fought for North American territory. This culminated in the French & Indian War (1754-1763) Also called the seven years war. It ended French colonization in North America. The British won.

31. Multiculturalism To support these many different groups of citizens, Canada has adopted a policy of multiculturalism-an acceptance of many cultures instead of just one.

32. Where do most Canadians live? Though Canada has the 2 nd largest area in the world, it has a relatively low population. Canadians typically live where they find a favorable combination of geographic features & economic opportunities. ¾ of the population live in the cities & towns of southern Canada.

33. Who wants Quebec to be an independent country? Why do they want Quebec to be an Independent country? What have they done to try to make this happen? What was the result? How would Quebec’s Independence negatively affect Canada? Some citizens of the province known as “Separatists” They want to preserve their French cultural heritage, which they feel is threatened by the English cultural majority. Mostly non-violent, but some violent protests Parliament voted on Quebec secession twice: 1980 & 1995 Quebec remained a province Laws protecting cultural freedom have been passed. Loss of resources in the E. Canadian Shield, St. Lawrence Seaway, & many citizens

34. Aspects of GovernmentCANADA UNITED STATES TYPE HEAD OF STATE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT LEGISLATURE SYSTEM Distribution Of Power Parliamentary Democracy Constitutional Monarchy British Monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) Prime Minister (Stephen Harper) PARLIAMENT FEDERAL Presidential Democracy President (Barack Obama) President CONGRESS FEDERAL

35. N.A.F.T.A. N.A.F.T.A. (North American Free Trade Agreement) Reduction of Trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, & USA (Tariffs, Quotas, etc.) Intended to increase trade of goods between the countries Feelings about the success of NAFTA are mixed

36. Canadian Provinces & Territories Today, Canada is made up of 10 provinces & 3 Territories.

37. Organization of Government Canada is a constitutional monarchy. The Canadian government consists of the executive, legislative & judicial branches.

38. Equality & Justice In order to protect the civil rights of all Canadian citizens, a Charter of Rights & Freedoms was added to the Canadian constitution in 1982. This is similar to our Bill of Rights.

39. Pierre Trudeau He was Prime Minister from 1968- 1979 & 1980-1984. Though he was of French-Canadian background, he successfully repressed, or stopped Quebec’s move for independence. It was he who pushed for the addition of the Charter of Rights & Freedoms.

40. Separatists Some French-Speaking Canadians are separatists, or people who want the province of Quebec to become an independent country. In 1980 & 1995 the parliament voted on whether or not Quebec should get independent status. It was rejected both times.

41. Are you kidding me, another quiz? Do you hate us or what? The people who wanted to break free from Canada were called the? What province did these people live in? Why did they feel they were different? Who was the guy that kept them from leaving? Where do most Canadian’s live? Why?

42. Where do most people choose to live & work in Canada & why? Most people choose to live & work in the southern part of the country. The reasons include: Warmer Climate, More Jobs Available, & Access to transportation corridors like roads, railways, airports, & unfrozen water

43. What are the 3 Types of Resources? Natural Resources -things that occur naturally in the environment Human Resources -the individuals who make up the workforce Physical Capital -the tools, machines, and factories that produce goods

44. Contributors to the Economy Canada is very rich in natural resources. It has an abundant supply of timber, oil, minerals, & ores such as iron, lead, & gold

45. Contributors to the Economy The first Europeans to come to Canada did so for two main reasons: 1. Abundant Fishing 2. Fur Trading

46. Export A product that is traded or sold to another outside country. In other words, its stuff that’s sent away. (Name Three Exports From U.S.A.)

47. Trade Canada’s biggest trading partner is the United States Most of Canada’s exports go to the U.S. In 1994, the U.S., Canada, & Mexico signed the NAFTA, which lowered trade barriers & increased trade.

48. Import Any product that is brought into a country from another country. In other words, its stuff that’s coming in. (-Name Three Imports-)

49. Types of Industry Primary Prepare & process raw materials Examples Farms (Tyson Chicken), Mining Companies (BP), Logging Companies, Fisheries

50. Types of Industry Secondary Manufacturing- Turning raw materials into products that consumers or other businesses can use Examples Car Manufacturers (Ford), Bakeries (Two Smart Cookies), Furniture Makers (La-Z-Boy)

51. Types of Industry Tertiary Service Industries & Distributors Examples Wholesalers (Sam’s Club), Transportation Companies, Retailers (Foot Locker), Health Care (Hospital), Education, Banking, Lawyers

52. Transportation Corridors Canada has natural transportation corridors, or paths that make transportation easier. The St. Lawrence Seaway gives the interior access to the Atlantic & the Great Lakes provide a corridor for trade with the U.S. Canada’s trans-continental railway system crosses the country from coast-to-coast.

53. Transportation Barriers Canada also has transportation barriers, or geographic features that prevent or slow down transportation. In much of the north, snow & ice block travel by land & water. The Rocky Mountains in the west hinder transportation by land.

56. LocationClimate Natural Resources Largest Country in the western Hemisphere (Size) Borders: Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean, & U.S.A. Large Size/Small Population *Most people live in cities & towns in the south (close to US border) Important Trade Corridors Great Lakes St. Lawrence River Oceans Trade Barriers Rocky Mts. Frozen North Southeast & South Central Mostly “Humid Continental” ↓ Warm/Hot Summers & Cold Winters, Plenty of Rain, & Good for Agriculture Pacific Coast Temperate Mild Climate, Large Amount of Rain, & Good for Forestry/Timber North Arctic/Subarctic Climate COLD!!!!!!!!!!!!! Very Small Population CANADA Canada is Loaded!!!!!!! Canadian Shield/North Minerals, Energy Resources (Oil, Coal, Natural Gas) Coasts Water, Fishing South Central Prairies Good Soil for Agriculture & Livestock Grazing Western Timber, Forests

57. Hey, just for fun let’s have a quick quiz. What is an export? Give example. What is an import? Give example. What is the big river we studied in Canada? What is the big mountain range? What is the big lake? Why does Mr. Robertson ask so many questions?

58. Central Authority Unitary Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority

59. How is power distributed (shared) between “central governments” (like ours in Washington D.C.) & “regional governments” (like states, such as Georgia)? UNITARY: -Power is not shared. -The Central Govt. has ALL THE POWER. -Regional Govt.’s (States/Provinces) have little/no power.

60. Central Authority Confederation Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority

61. How is power distributed (shared) between “central governments” (like ours in Washington D.C.) & “regional governments” (like states, such as Georgia)? CONFEDERATION: -Power is not shared. -The Regional Govt.’s (States/Provinces) have ALL THE POWER. -The Central Govt. is powerless to enforce law.

62. Federation / Federal Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority

63. How is power distributed (shared) between “central governments” (like ours in Washington D.C.) & “regional governments” (like states, such as Georgia)? Federation: -Power is shared. -The Central Govt. has the MOST POWER. -Regional Govt.’s (States/Provinces) have SOME POWER to make laws on their own.

64. How do citizens participate in different forms of Government? AUTOCRATIC: DEMOCRATIC: OLIGARCHIC: Single Ruler Little/No Citizen Participation Small Group of Rulers Little/No Citizen Participation Leaders Elected by the People Through Voting High Citizen Participation

65. O.K., this will only take a second, I promise. Small group of rulers is called? Single ruler is called? When the people get to vote we call it? When the power is in the hands of the central government? When power is shared between central and regional governments? Is there anything you’d rather be doing right now?

66. What is Scarcity? The idea that there are not enough resources to meet everyone’s needs & wants. (How many jolly ranchers does Mr. Robertson have?)

67. What is Economics?????? Economics is the study of how people manage their resources. Resource can be: -time -money -goods

68. Types of Economic Systems Types of Economic Systems Traditional- customs & habits of a society will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed (Usually includes bartering, rather than money). Traditional economies are becoming more rare.

69. Types of Economic Systems Types of Economic Systems Command- Government will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed. Government will set prices and set regulations (rules) that industries must follow.

70. Types of Economic Systems Types of Economic Systems Market- Individuals, private companies, & consumers will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed (Supply & Demand). Individuals and companies are allowed to produce freely without government interference.

71. Types of Economy MIXED MIXED- May have aspects of both market & command. Most common type in the world.EXAMPLES The United States is thought to have a “mixed” economy. The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs Canada is thought to have a “mixed” economy. The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs. The government also directly controls healthcare & education. A little bit closer to command than the USA.

72. ECONOMY What is Produced? How Goods are Produced How People Get Products Traditional Command Market Types of Economic Systems What people need to survive (food, shelter, & tools) Farming Hunting Gathering People make their own, share, or trade “BARTER” Whatever the government decides However the government decides -Class -Reward System -Waiting in Line Whatever people are willing to buy & sell Business Owners determine the most efficient (cheap) legal methods of production Determined by how much a person is able or willing to pay

73. Hey kid in the back, wake up it’s time for another quiz. What is a mixed market economy? Who determines what is sold? What is a command economy? What is a traditional economy?

74. European Union *A Confederation * Meant to make the countries of Europe more competitive in the world economy *The official currency is the “Euro” (€) *The EU is considered a “Free Trade Zone” w/ no tariffs (a tax on imported goods) between member countries

75. Europe Today Today, all of the nations of Western Europe and most of the nations of Eastern Europe have some sort of democratic government. The people of Europe are sharing power with their governments by electing their leaders in free elections.

76. The European Union Today, 27 nations in Europe are members of an organization called The European Union. This union was founded in 1957, and was formalized as the European Community by the Treaty of Rome. 1957 Members Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, & the Netherlands

77. The European Union The EU first started out as an economic cooperation group with the aim of boosting the economies of Western European nation’s. As time has gone on, the EU has evolved into more of a political alliance or union. The aim of the EU has shifted its quest from merely European prosperity to peace.

78. Trade Among EU Nations To encourage trade between EU members, the member nations have done away with tariffs on goods traded with one another. A tariff is a duty, tax, or fee that must be paid on imported or exported goods, making them more expensive.

79. EU Economies The goal of the EU is to make efforts to ensure the prosperity of all member nations. The EU hopes that increased trade an economic cooperation between member nations will make the standard of living in Europe the highest in the world. A person’s standard of living, or quality of life, is based on the availability of goods and services.

80. EU Economies What might indicate a high standard of living? People have access to: Enough Food Adequate Housing Good Transportation Good Communications Educational Opportunities Health Care ***Nations with higher standards of living typically have high literacy rates.

81. We getting close to the end, I promise!! Why was the EU created? What is the currency of most of the EU countries? What has the EU done to create less trade barriers in Europe? Has it worked?

82. How Exchange Rate Works Exchange Rate (E.R.) Compared to $1.00-USD If E.R. is < 1 …The other currency is MORE valuable If E.R. is > 1 …The other currency is LESS valuable TODAY: E.R. for the Euro is 1.00 (Equal Value to USD) So ….You exchange $20 for Euros b/c you think the exchange rate will decrease soon, but today Your $20 is still = to just €20 2 WEEKS LATER: E.R. for the Euro is.5 (More Valuable than USD b/c now it takes $2 to = €1) So …..You exchange your €20 back to USD. Since it now takes $2 to = €1, …..Your €20 now is equal to $40 Start: $20 Finish: $40 You’ve Made $20 Profit!!!!!!

83. The Collapse of the soviet union Mikhail Gorbachev was the final leader of the Soviet Union. He attempted to make many reforms, or changes in the way the Soviet Union governed its people. Gorbachev believed in the ideals of the Soviet Union, but he wanted to solve the USSR’s economic and political problems.

84. The Collapse of the soviet union The Warsaw Pact was dissolved. By 1992, the Soviet Union no longer existed. The USSR had become 15 new nations.

85. A Divided Germany When World War II ended, Germany was divided into two different countries. The United States, France, & the UK occupied West Germany. & The Soviet Union occupied East Germany.

86. East Germany East Germanys’ communist government discouraged communication between east and west. In order to prevent people in the divided capital city of Berlin from fleeing to the west, they built the Berlin Wall. The Berlin Wall served as a symbol of a divided Europe.

87. East Germany As the Soviet union continued to weaken its grip, the puppet governments started tasting freedom. In 1989, the Berlin Wall was taken down and more East Germans fled into West Germany. This event, more than any other, symbolized the collapse of the Soviet Union.

88. Reunified Germany Since the reunification, or the reuniting of East and West Germany, the government of Germany has had to spend billions trying to catch the eastern part of the country up to the west. This effort included the rebuilding of Berlin & the construction of factories, roads, housing, & hospitals.

89. Modern Russia The Russian federation is a democratic republic. Vladimir Putin The current President is Vladimir Putin. They also have a legislature called the “Duma” Unfortunately, many sources point towards corruption in the government.

90. Aspect Under Communism After Communism Government Economy culture Government distributed Propaganda, controlled the economy, & restricted cultural activities Controlled by government, widespread poverty, private property is seized Many cultural celebrations outlawed, art censored, sports & space programs well funded Greater freedom for citizens, multi-party democracies (mostly Parliamentary) in many eastern European countries Change to free market economies in eastern Europe (slow growth) some inflation & unemployment Writers given greater freedom, Freedom of religion, increased cultural freedom in general

91. Propaganda “Propaganda” is material designed to spread certain beliefs. Soviet propaganda included pamphlets, posters, artwork, statues, songs, and movies. These praised the Soviet Union, its leaders, and communism in general.

92. Soviet Culture The Soviet Union wanted the people under its control to be loyal only to the USSR. The Soviet government made efforts to prevent cultural diversity. It outlawed many cultural celebrations, religions, and even non-Russian languages.

93. Soviet Economy The Soviet Union wanted all of its major industries to be owned by the government instead of by private companies. The government took over control of factories, railroads, & businesses. The Soviet economy was a command economy, in which the government determined what would be produced and how much it would cost.

94. Cuban Missile Crisis In 1962, an American U2 Spy Plane spotted Soviet Missiles in Cuba. President Kennedy demanded they be removed & imposed a blockade on the island nation. Eventually, the Soviets removed their missiles after the US agreed to move its missiles out of Turkey & not invade Cuba.

95. Attempts at Change This increase in communication led to a period of “détente,” or lessening tension, between the members of NATO and the Warsaw Pact nations.

96. ASPECTS OF SOVIET CULTURE Most people were poor & had a much lower standard of living than people in Western Europe Citizens had little say in government (One-Party System w/ no Freedom of Speech) Government Officials suppressed & controlled ethnic & cultural identities to create a sense of national unity Soviet propaganda praised the Soviet Union & Communism, while demonizing Capitalism & the democracies of the West

97. Post-World War II This created a polarized world in which two nations (USA & The Soviet Union) had the most power. Each of those nations had opposite ideologies, or beliefs, about government and economy.

98. Post-World War II After World War II, Europe was ravaged. The power that once existed in Europe had been destroyed by two world wars.

99. East Against West After the war, Europe was divided down the middle. The nations of the east were under the influence of Soviet Russia. The nations of the west, headed by the United States, were fairly independent. This situation set the stage for much tension in Europe.

100. East Against West The political differences between the east and west created an imaginary, invisible wall dividing the continent. This symbolic and imaginary wall would come to be called the “Iron Curtain” "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.“ –Churchill 1946

101. Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) Joseph Stalin took over power in the USSR after the death of Lenin. Lenin was the head of the Bolshevik party that overthrew the czar. He controlled the Soviet Union with an iron fist and was feared by many.

102. The Cold War The members of NATO – the alliance of western democracies, and the nations in the “Warsaw Pact”- the alliance of eastern European countries behind the iron curtain- refused to trade or cooperate with each other (Voluntary Embargo). N.A.T.O. North Atlantic Treaty Organization

103. The Cold War The countries never actually fought, so this period of political non-cooperation is called the “Cold War” Both the nations of the Warsaw Pact and those of NATO didn’t want war to erupt because both sides had nuclear weapons.

104. Almost done, for reals this time! What type of government did the USSR have? What type of economy did they have? What is the name of the wall built in Berlin? Why did they build that dumb wall? What is the name of Western alliance? What is the name of the Eastern alliance?

105. You did it!! It’s over!!! Well, almost. Did this help? Did you hate it? Why is that kid in the back still sleeping? Wasn’t this way more fun then laying around the house playing X-Box and eating pizza? What’s that smell? Can we quit now?