1. Foreshadowing, Symbolism, Imagery, and Criticism

2. Foreshadowing These are clues that something is about to happen. Music in Jaws…you know the shark is about to come. The phone call in a scary movie…the murderer is about to come in. Snow White?

3. Foreshadowing For your story, choose three examples of foreshadowing and explain what the foreshadowing predicts: Mirror says Snow White is fairest in land Evil Queen will kill Snow White so she can be most beautiful

4. Symbolism hate Peace love

5. Symbolism For your story, choose at least three examples of symbolism, and explain what those represent. Snow White Purity

6. Psychological Criticism Psychological criticism allows us to examine the literature and the characters through a psychological point of view. Look at the psychological motivations of the characters, and sometimes the authors. There are many ways of examining stories through the psychological approach.

7. Psychological Criticism Look for the following issues: Isolation: Understanding something that should be upsetting, but failing to react to it. The person thus isolates an event or stimulus, separating it from his or he feelings. Intellectualization: Analyzing and rationalizing rather than feeling and reacting. The topic isn’t forgotten or ignored; it’s just turned into an intellectual issue. Repression: Selectively forgetting about whatever is troubling. Projection: Denying thoughts and feeling by attributing them to someone else. Displacement: Shifting an emotion from its real target to another one. Usually, a threatening, powerful target is exchanged for a safer one. Denial: Falsifying reality. Reversal: Asserting the opposite of the truth, turning an emotion around. Reaction Formation: A pattern of behavior that repeatedly reversed the truth; an obsessive kind of denial.

8. Psychological Criticism Struggles between Id, Ego and Superego: – Id: Basic needs—Me! Me! Me! Not reality based. Devil on the Shoulder. – Ego: Reality based or alters reality to justify his actions. Must negotiate between the angel and the devil. – Superego: Social programming—what is acceptable for the character—Morality and Conscience. Angel on the Shoulder.

9. Psychological Criticism denial – arguing against an anxiety provoking stimuli by stating it doesn't exist – denying that your physician's diagnosis of cancer is correct and seeking a second opinion displacement – taking out impulses on a less threatening target – slamming a door instead of hitting as person, yelling at your spouse after an argument with your boss intellectualization – avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects – focusing on the details of a funeral as opposed to the sadness and grief

10. Psychological Criticism projection – placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else – when losing an argument, you state "You're just Stupid;" homophobia rationalization – supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason – stating that you were fired because you didn't kiss up the the boss, when the real reason was your poor performance reaction formation – taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety – having a bias against a particular race or culture and then embracing that race or culture to the extreme

11. Psychological Criticism regression – returning to a previous stage of development – sitting in a corner and crying after hearing bad news; throwing a temper tantrum when you don't get your way suppression – pushing into the unconscious – trying to forget something that causes you anxiety repression – pulling into the unconscious – forgetting sexual abuse from your childhood due to the trauma and anxiety sublimation – acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way – sublimating your aggressive impulses toward a career as a boxer; becoming a surgeon because of your desire to cut; lifting weights to release 'pent up' energy

12. Psychological Criticism Guiding Questions Which of the issues were present in the story? (isolation, etc.) Was the protagonist acting on the id, ego, or super id? What psychological themes were present? (denial, sublimation, etc) What forces are motivating the character? Which behaviors are conscious behaviors and which are subconscious? What conscious or subconscious conflicts are present within the character? Given the background, how realistic is the character’s behavior? What do the characters actions and emotions reveal about their state of mind? How does the reader’s own psychology affect his or her response to the character and to the story?