1. The Art of Public Speaking

2. Glossophobia The fear of public speaking
The word come from the Greek root “glossa” (which means ‘tongue’) and the root “phobia” (which means ‘fear’)

3. Glossophobia This is the Top Ten List of Global Fears:
 1. Fear of public speaking (Glossophobia)  2. Fear of death (Necrophobia)  3. Fear of spiders (Arachnophobia)  4. Fear of darkness (Achluophobia, Scotophobia or Myctophobia)  5. Fear of heights (Acrophobia)  6. Fear of people or social situations (Sociophobia)  7. Fear of flying (Aerophobia)  8. Fear of open spaces (Agoraphobia)  9. Fear of thunder and lightning (Brontophobia) 10. Fear of confined spaces (Claustrophobia)

4. Mental Methods to overcoming stage fright:
Realize how the audience really feels

5. Your audience may be more scared than you…they may suffer from SEAT FRIGHT! (This is: THE FEAR OF WASTING TIME LISTENING TO A BAD SPEECH)

6. The audience wants you to SUCCEED.

7. Then, they feel brilliant for ATTENDING

8. Your audience wants you to commit fully to your role as speaker…

9. Mental Methods to overcoming stage fright:
Practice makes perfect.

10. Rehearse out LOUD.

11. Simulate real CONDITIONS.

12. TIME it.

13. Rehearse QUESTIONS and ANSWERS.

14. Physical Methods to overcoming stage fright:
Breathing

15. Breathing exercise 1: Stand with feet SHOULDER width apart
Breathing exercise 1: Stand with feet SHOULDER width apart. Release and relax your SHOULDERS. Place your hands on your STOMACH. Close your EYES. Breathe in through your NOSE to the count of FOUR. Breath out through your MOUTH to the count of FOUR. Do this TWO times.

16. Breathing exercise 2: Use outbreath to HUM quietly. Do this TWO times
Breathing exercise 2: Use outbreath to HUM quietly. Do this TWO times. Use the outbreath to sound each of the VOWEL sounds in turn. Do this TWICE.

17. Breathing exercise 3: Bring your HANDS together in the center of your chest. Slowly inhale through your NOSE, raising your joined HANDS as high as you can above your head. At the same time, raise yourself on to your TOES. Hold your breath BRIEFLY at the top of your INHALE. Exhale slowly through your MOUTH and bring your arms down and round back up to your chest, palms TOGETHER in the starting position.

18. Physical Methods to overcoming stage fright:
Small Exercises

19. Head Rolls Slowly turn your head from SIDE to SIDE
Head Rolls Slowly turn your head from SIDE to SIDE. Move your head CLOCKWISE in a circle. Do this FOUR times and then REVERSE the direction.

20. Arm Lifts Stretch your RIGHT arm into the air as far as it will go
Arm Lifts Stretch your RIGHT arm into the air as far as it will go. Hold it a few seconds and bring it back to your SIDE. Repeat with your LEFT arm.

21. Jaw Breakers Open your MOUTH as wide as possible (as if you are going to SCREAM). Then, CLOSE your mouth. Repeat FOUR times. Use your fingers to massage the muscle that joins the JAW and the rest of the head.

22. Shake Down Starting with your right hand, put it above your head and shake it, counting from 7 down to 1. Repeat with the left hand, right foot, left foot, and a derriere shake. Start all over again with the right hand, but starting at 6… Keep going until you are at one…

23. The Importance of Voice
Diction and Vocal Variety

24. Loosening the Tongue:
Run your tongue in a full circle around your cheek walls across the front of your top and bottom teeth. Repeat 3 times.
Reverse the direction of the circle. Repeat 3 times.
Sweep your tongue as rapidly as you can from side to side across the upper teeth. Repeat at least 10 times.

25. Tips for Tongue Twister Diction Exercises:
Always start slowly and carefully.
Make sure the beginning and end of each word is crisp and avoid running the words together.
Repeat the phrase, getting faster and faster while maintaining clarity. If you trip over words, stop and start again.

26. Try these Tongue Twisters:
Red leather, yellow leather, red lorry, yellow lorry.
Sister Susie sat on the sea shore sewing shirts for sailors.
The blue black bug bled blue black blood.
You know New York; You need New York; You know you need unique New York.

27. The high and low range of your voice.
Vocal Variety: Pitch:
The high and low range of your voice.

28. Emotional content carried by our voices.
Vocal Variety: Tone:
Emotional content carried by our voices.

29. How loudly or quietly you speak
Vocal Variety: Volume
How loudly or quietly you speak

30. Vocal Variety: Rate:
Speaking pace

31. Vocal Variety: Practice
Are you speaking to me?

32. The Power Pause

33. Napoleon Bonaparte would often wait forty to fifty seconds to begin a battle address to his troops.

34. Adolph Hitler would fuss with his moustache, mop his forehead, and fidget with his notes for five minutes as he faced thousands of people waiting for his speech.

35. Queen Elizabeth II, who often needed to stand on a step stool to be seen over a podium, would always pause before beginning her speeches to show she was in control of the crowd.

36. Stand, Stare, and Command your Audience:
Before you speak:
Lock your eyes on each of your would-be listeners
Force yourself before you begin your presentation to say in your own mind each word of your opening sentence.
Every second you wait will strengthen the impact of your opening words.

37. Let Punctuation Be Your Guide:
For a period in your speech, wait 2 seconds before continuing.
For a comma, wait 1 second before continuing.
For a semi-colon, wait 1 second before continuing.
For a colon, wait 2 seconds before continuing.
Between the end of one paragraph and the start
of the next, wait 3 seconds before continuing.

38. Transform your speech into poetry:
Take the paragraph format of any speech and transform it into poetry phrase by phrase.
This makes it much easier to read and breaks your speech into manageable pieces.

39. When you read a speech, use the See, Stop, Say technique:
Look down and take an imaginary picture of the words you see.
Bring your head back up and pause.
Then, say what you have just memorized.

40. Some rules for transforming speech into poetry:
When you come to a comma, cut the line off!
If your subject is followed by a verb, don’t separate them!
Leave prepositional phrases togther.
Never end a line with “a” or “the”
When you see a period, end the line.

41. Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address was two minutes long.
It was the second speech of the day.
It followed a two hour speech by a top
headline speaker of the
day, Edward Everett.

42. “Look with favor on bold beginnings.” -Virgil
Power Openers
“Look with favor on bold beginnings.”
-Virgil

43. The Introduction must…
Gain the attention of the audience
Create rapport between the speaker and the audience
Provide reasons for the audience to listen to the speaker
Set the expectations of the audience.

44. Your goal is to…
set the audience’s expectations…and then surpass them!

45. Answer Audience Questions
The audience has several questions that they want answered within the first few minutes of your talk…
Who are you? (experience)
What are you going to talk about?
When will you be through?
Where is this talk going?
Why should I listen?
How are you going to make this interesting?

46. Start with a quote from a
famous person, inspirational source, or lyrics from a song. Keep it short but powerful.
Pause briefly for effect when you are done.

47. Offer a proverb. Folk sayings, old wives' tales, or words of wisdom from your country or that relate to your experience with the project that people can relate to provide a meaningful bridge to your speech.

48. Ask a rhetorical question
Ask a rhetorical question.. Make sure the question is an interesting or startling one to catch the attention of your audience. Perhaps even one that is the opposite of what the audience would expect.

49. Issue a challenge. Riddles, puzzles, case studies, and other problem solving activities grab hold of listeners' minds. Promise to deliver suggested options by the end of your presentation.

50. Create a word picture.. Using sensory imagery, describe a heart-tugging or mind-teasing scenario that immediately engages the audience. Bringing real or imaginary characters or a scene to life in a verbal sketch that takes just a minute or so can have a powerful effect on drawing in your listeners.

51. Quote STARTLING statistics and facts - hard evidence that cannot be debated because it is proven by logic and science. Audiences are apt to believe a speaker who uses credible facts as evidence. They tend to listen to a speaker who opens with this type of information, especially if it is unusual information.

52. Tell a story or anecdote- Everyone loves stories, especially if they’re real, personal, and relevant. Paint a picture, but keep the story fairly short and make it connect to your speech.

53. Using a historic event. Historical references make you look smart and put your topic in perspective. Make sure that the event connects to your speech and that you have your facts RIGHT!

54. Booker T. Washington
In 1875, the former slave opened his talk to the business establishment of Atlanta with this line:
“Gentlemen, one-third of the population of the South is of the Negro race.”

55. Frederick Douglass
On July 4, 1852, he opened an address in Ohio by saying:
“Pardon me—why did you ever invite me? I and the people I represent have no reason to celebrate this day.”

56. Chief Seattle
He opened his address to a white audience in 1854 with these remarks:
“There was a time when our people covered the land as the waves of a wind-ruffled sea covered its shell-paved floor. Now that is a memory, a mournful memory.”

57. Martin Luther King, Jr.
August of 1963 on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial:
“Fivescore years ago, a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation…”

58. The Power Point
Before you even begin a speech, you need to know what your bottom-line message is that you want to leave with your audience.
Figure out whom you are trying to reach and what message you want to send.

59. The Power Stat Use only one statistic at a time.
Relate your statistics to your listeners.
“I once heard an actuary describe the odds of one in a quadrillion. He likened that astronomical figure to one human hair among all the heads of the world.”
Compare to the familiar:
“If we accept % as our perfect goal, we’d have to accept these conditions: two unsafe landings a day at Chicago’s O’Hare Airport and 15,000 pieces of mail lost by the U.S. Post Office every hour.
“623,000 soldiers died in the Civil War…in other words, the dead of the Civil War exceeded the lives lost in all other wars the United States has fought, from the Revolutionary War to Desert Storm.”

60. The Power Parable Tell stories for a purpose. Tell personal stories.
Tell success stories.
TRY OUT STORIES FIRST!

61. Story Example…
The close of the nineteenth century found a Swedish businessman settling down to his breakfast of kippers, eggs, and bacon. As he sipped his morning coffee, he glanced at the Stockholm Journal. To his astonishment, he found his picture emblazoned on the front page. He read further. It was an obituary! He knew at once that they had confused him with his brother, who had just died in the East Indies, but he had to read what they wrote about him. To his chagrin, he found phrases such as “Merchant of Munitions,” “Dealer of Destruction,” “Peddler of Death” applied to him. Immediately he called for his carriage to take him to his solicitor’s office. There he wrote a new will—a will that established the Nobel Peace Foundation.

62. Time for Action
(Intermediate)
To reproduce the video effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click New Slide, and then click Video With Caption.
On the slide, click the Movie Icon to launch the Insert Video dialog box.
In the left pane of the Insert Video dialog box, click the drive or library that contains the video. In the right pane of the dialog box, click the video that you want and then click Insert.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, select Play.
Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, click the arrow to the right of Start and select With Previous.
To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:
In the Caption Text Box, type, “Time for Action.”
To reproduce the Master Layout text effects on this slide, do the following:
On the View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master.
On the Slide Master tab, in the Edit Master group, select Insert Layout.
On inserted slide, select the preset text box at top. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow at the bottom right launching the Format Shape dialog box.
In the Format Shape dialog box, select Position in the left pane, under Position on Slide in the right pane set the Horizontal to .5” and the Vertical to 5.6”.
Select the text box, on the Home tab in the Font group, select Calibri from the Font list, then select 36 pt from the Font Size list, and then click the Bold icon.
To reproduce the Master Layout video effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Slide Master tab, in the Master layout group, click Insert Placeholder and select Media, then on the side, drag to draw box.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow to the right of Size launching the Format Shape dialog box.
In the Format Shape dialog box, select Size in the left pane, under Size and Rotate in the right pane set the Height to 5” and the Width to 6.67”.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, select Position in the left pane, under Position on Slide in the right pane set the Vertical to 0.55”.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, select Line Color in the left pane, under Line Color in the right pane select Solid Line, and then click the arrow to the right of Color and under Theme Colors select, Black, Text 1, Lighter 25% (fourth row, second option from left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, select Line Style in the left pane, under Line Style in the right pane set the Width to 15 pt.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, select Shadow in the left pane, under Shadow in the right pane click the arrow to the right of Color and under Theme Colors select, Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from left), and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 60%.
In the Size box, enter 100%.
In the Blur box, enter 21 pt.
In the Angle box, enter 40 degrees.
In the Distance box, enter 19 pt.
Also in the Format Video dialog box, select 3-D Format in the left pane, under Bevel in the right pane click the arrow to the right of Top and under Bevel, select Relaxed Inset (first row, second option from left), and then do the following:
To the right of Top, in the Width box, enter 6 pt.
To the right of Top, in the Height box, enter 16.5 pt.
Close the Format Video dialog box.
Select the video frame, on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Center.
To reproduce the Master Layout background effects on this slide, do the following:
Select the Master Slide (on top of Master Layouts). On the Slide Master tab, in the Background group, click the arrow at the bottom right corner launching the Format Background dialog box.
In the Format Background dialog box, select Fill in the left pane, under Fill in the right pane select Gradient fill, in the Angle box, enter 90 degrees, and then under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until eight stops appear on the slider. Customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (Fourth row, first option from left).
Select the second stop on the list, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 11%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Black Text 1, Lighter 35% (third row, second option from the left).
Select the third stop on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 22%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, select Black Text 1, Lighter 35% (third row, second option from the left).
Select the fourth stop on the list, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 63%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the fifth stop on the list, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 81%.
Select the sixth stop on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 89%.
Select the seventh stop on the list, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 92%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Black Text 1, Lighter 15% (fifth row, second option from the left).
Select the eighth stop on the list, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 5% (second row, first option from the left).
On the Slide Master tab, in the Close group, click Close Master Views.
“Great is the art of beginning, but greater is the art of closing.” –Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

63. Your conclusion should…
Summarize your speech.
Provide closure.
Make a great final impression, using emotional appeal.

64. Creating the Perfect Conclusion
Cue the audience in advance by telling them when you are getting close: “Turning now to my final point.”
Make it sound like a conclusion: “In conclusion…” “In closing…”
Make the last words memorable: Make them laugh. Make them think. Make them stand up and applaud.

65. Wrapping it up in style…
Refer back to the opening.
Use a quotation.
Ask a question with an implied answer.
Recite a short poem
Ask for help
Tell the audience what to do
Tell a story