1. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme PARTNERS PRINCIPAL PLATINUM GOLD

2. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme PARTNERS Teacher Earth Science Education Programme PARTNERS BRONZE Anglo Coal Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation CS Energy Department of Sustainability and Environment, Vic Essential Petroleum Flinders University Gordon Wakelin King Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee Hot Dry Rocks Macquarie University Sandy Menpes Monash Energy Museum Victoria Our Water Our Future, Vic Petroleum Geo-Services Primary Industries and Resources SA Stanwell Corporation Velseis ZeroGen SILVER The Australian National University Department of Primary Industries, Vic Earth Science Western Australia Pitney Bowes Business Insight PowerWorks Queensland Resources Council Rob Kirk Consultants The University of Sydney The University of Tasmania

3. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Wet Rocks – Learning about Groundwater Using “Gnasty Gnomes” game as a teaching tool

4. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Gnasty Gnomes – protect groundwater from pollution Key concepts: – Many people are dependent on groundwater as their primary source of water – There are many things that contaminate groundwater – This game is designed to communicate that preventing contamination is more cost effective than fixing it! – Three contamination management options are included: prevention, bioremediation (for organic contaminants) and drill (dig and dump).

5. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Game framework Fresh groundwater Supply bore Cash for clean- up options Source of contamination Remediation options

6. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Threats of pollution on groundwater The many sources of contamination to groundwater

7. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme A complex picture...

8. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Advective processes, concentrations – single point source Single point source t1t1 C0C0 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 t2t2 t3t3 t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 C0C0 C C0C0 C Distance (x)

9. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Concentrations – continuous point source Continuous point source 0 1 Distance (x) At t 2 t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 C0C0 C

10. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Mechanical Dispersion Dispersivity is a function of the porous media Longitudinal Transverse

11. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Dispersion of the solute Continuous point source Distance (x) At t 2 Results in spreading of the front Longitudinal (l) Transverse (t) 0 1 C0C0 C

12. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 Dispersion effect Instantaneous point source Distance (x) C0C0 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 C0C0 C C0C0 C

13. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Cleaning it up Bioremediation – for organic chemicals (what are these?), often there are really small bugs (eg. microbial bacteria) that love to eat them. If you can find the right bugs and give them the right conditions, they can eat up the contamination. But be careful …. What the bugs produce can sometimes be as nasty as the contaminant in the first place! Chemical treatment – sometimes the best way to treat a contaminant (especially the inorganic ones (what are these?) is to add another chemical that reacts with them. This can assist in getting rid of the contaminant.

14. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Cleaning it up Digging and dumping This basically digs up the contamination, and then moves it somewhere else It solves the problem here, but what might be some of the consequences ……..

15. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Use in the class room Unstructured observation 10 to 15 minutes of ”play”, recording and or discussing observations at the conclusion. Some observations may be: Can keep the water quality ok longer if you stop the Gnomes from dropping pollution! Drilling is cool, but expensive What do the bugs do? What do the chemicals do?

16. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Use in the class room Competitive “games” Who can keep groundwater safe for the longest!

17. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Links to other topics Permeability and porosity Water resource management Concepts of sustainability