2. Lecture 31 Introduction to System Development Life Cycle - Part 2

3. Lecture 32 Objectives  Describe the objectives of Systems Implementation phase in the SDLC  Describe the objectives of Systems Operation and Support phase in the SDLC §Explain the use of software tools in the development of information systems  Explain how different levels of a business organization use and handle information

4. Lecture 33 §Systems implementation §Construct/deliver information system §Prepares functioning, documented system §Write, test, document application programs §File conversion occurs §User and manager approval obtained  schedule for system installation and evaluation Systems Development Life Cycle

5. Lecture 34 §Users, managers, IS staff trained to operate and support the system §Post-implementation evaluation performed §System operates properly? §Cost and benefits are within expectations? §Strengths and weakness of the new system Systems Development Life Cycle Click to see Figure

6. Lecture 35 §Systems operation and support §New system supports business operations §Maintenance changes correct errors or meet requirements §Enhancements increase system capability §After several years of operation, systems experience need for extensive changes §Systems development life cycle ends with system replacement Systems Development Life Cycle

7. Lecture 36 Systems Development Life Cycle §General considerations §Complete the phases in sequence §Focus on end products / deliverables, they represent milestones / checkpoints in the system’s development §Estimate required resources Click to see Figure

8. Lecture 37 Systems Development Life Cycle §Criticism §Real projects rarely follow the sequential flow, iteration always occurs and creates problems §Difficult for the user to state all requirements explicitly §The working system will not be available until late

9. Lecture 38 Systems Development Life Cycle Other development methods, e.g. §Prototyping §prototype - early version of the system, built to serve as a model of user requirements, discarded afterwards §the actual system is engineered based on the prototype §focus on quality and maintainability during development

10. Lecture 39 Systems Development Life Cycle §Spiral Model §SDLC + prototyping with risk analysis §1.Planning 2.Risk analysis 3.Engineering 4.Customer evaluation

11. Lecture 310 Systems Development Life Cycle §More complete versions of software are built with each iteration

12. Lecture 311 Systems Development Life Cycle §Automated tools for systems development §Software tools - assist in the development activities §Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) - automates a specific systems life cycle task

13. Lecture 312 Systems Development Life Cycle Note : Each phases of the SDLC will be discussed in more details in later lectures

14. Lecture 313 TRADEOFF §Is it better to have more or fewer phases in the SDLC? §More phases can result in more checkpoints, end products, and work §Fewer phases can result in less cost and faster development time §Success really depends on the skills and motivation of the development team

15. Lecture 314 A KEY QUESTION  Should Momma’s, a small chain of 12 bed and breakfast inns, adopt the SDLC process of Global Hotels, a large multinational hotel company?

16. Lecture 315 A KEY QUESTION-ANSWER  It depends on both companies’  corporate culture  IS policies  the organizational relationship Clearly, there is quite a difference in information needs between smaller and larger firms

17. Lecture 316 §Four organizational levels §Operational personnel §Lower management §Middle management §Top management Organizational Levels Click to see Figure

18. Lecture 317 §Four organizational levels §Operational personnel §Lower management §Middle management §Top management §Responsibilities, decision-making styles, and information system requirements Organizational Levels Click to see Figure

19. Lecture 318 §Four organizational levels §Operational personnel §Lower management §Middle management §Top management §Responsibilities, decision-making styles, and information system requirements §Empowerment of operational personnel Organizational Levels Click to see Figure

20. Lecture 319 End of Lecture 3