1. University as the Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurs Dr Shailendra Vyakarnam Y.Myint

2. The growth of workplace jobs in the Knowledge- based sector in Greater Cambridge (000s) and UK (m), 1971-2001 Source:ABI, LFS, PACEC

3. Preconditions 1950s – City planning University – liberal policy on ownership of Intellectual Property Long tradition of research – continues People both “Pushed and Pulled” to start ventures Early days no support Gradually – Trinity College Science Park, Banks, Technology transfer office, lawyers, arrival of venture capital, business angel groups

4. Principal Components that Caused and Shaped Cambridge Phenomenon after 1960s C ambridge University 1960 1970 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology CAD Centre Sinclair Radionics CCL Barclays Bank 1980 Cambridge Interactive System Cambridge Science Park Acorn PA Technology Eicon Research Ltd Sinclair Research Ltd 1990 Analysys Olivetti Research Laboratory (acquired by AT&T in 1999) Judge Institute of Management Studies St. John Innovation Centre Scientific Generics The Technology Partnership TTP Cambridge Research and Innovation Ltd (CRIL) Institute of Biotechnolog y Cantab Pharmaceuticals Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory Nickerson Biotech Laboratory Glaxo 2000 Toshiba Cambridge Research Laboratory Seiko Epson Research Lab Unilever Cambridge Centre for Molecular Informatics Cambridge Network Institute of Manufacturing Amadeus Capital Partners TTP Ventures Entropic Research Laboratory (acquired by Microsoft in 1999) Glaxo Institute of Applied Pharmacology BP Draft version (Jan 2004) – not to be used or copied without permission Copyright – Y.M.Myint - y.myint@jims.cam.ac.uk, Dr. Shailendra Vyakarnam - s.vyakarnam@jims.cam.ac.uk

5. Until 1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2002 C ambridge University Acorn Hermann Hauser Acquired by Olivetti Olivetti Research Lab Andy Hopper Adaptive Broadband Cambridge Broadband Acquired by American Microwave Acquired by Western Multiplex Corp Andy Hopper Peter Warton IPV (Telemedia Systems) Andy Hopper Virata(ATML) Hermann Hauser Andy Hopper Merged with Globespan Acquired by AT &T RealVNC Virtual Network Computing Level5Network Andy Hopper ANT Alex Van Someren Niko nCipher Alex Van Someren Netchannel Hermann Hauser Jack Lang Acquired by NTL ARM Robin Saxby Element 14 Stan Boland Acquired by Broadcom Amadeus Capital Partners Hermann Hauser IQ Bio Hermann Hauser, Chris Keightley Part of DAKO Diagnostics DakoCytomation - Merged with Cytomation Inc CDT Richard Friend Plastic Logic Analysys Dr. David Cleevely Cambridge Network Dr. David Cleevely Hermann Hauser Sir. Alec Broers Cambridge 3G Dr. David Cleevely Virtual Business Network Dr. David Cleevely Dr. Simon Elloit CPS Peter Duffett-Smith Teraview Michael Pepper Don Arnone Polight Technologies Prof Stephen Elloitt Dr. Pavel Krecmer ART Daniel Hall Pilgrim Beart ActiveRF Pilgrim Beart Antenova Zeus Technology Adam Twiss David Reeves Cambridge Semiconductor Prof Gehan Amaratunga Dr. Florin Udrea Muscat John Snyder Dr. Martin Porter Enterprise Accelerator John Snyder Webtop Library House Smartlogik Acquired by Dialog Small World Richard Green Authur Chance CAD Shape Data Charles Lang Acquired by GE Tensails Richard Green VBN online TerraPrise Ubisense Andy Hopper Steve Pope Andy Hopper Andy Ward Pete Steggles Simon Elloit Electronic Share Information Acquired by E* Trade Hermann Hauser Jack Lang Top express Jack Lang Splashpower Lily Chang James Hay Saviso Group Adam Twiss Bryan Amesbury Innovia Collin Ager Garraint Davies Cambridge Interactive Systems Yin M. Myint, Shailendra Vyakarnam

6. CCL 1960 Until 1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2002 PA 1970 Dr. Gordon Edge Dr. Collin Smithers Plextek Scientific Generics Dr. Gordon Edge, Bob Pettigrew Pivotal Resources Absolute Sensors Sensopad Technologies Imerge Sphere Medical 3D Molecular Sciences Ionica QuantumBEAM Gordon Edge, Bob Pettigrew, Alan Green Adaptive Screening Flying Null Diomed Tony Raven Sentec Ubinetics Andrew Dames Acquired by Synaptics Smartbead Technologies Polatis Holotag Caroline Garey Andrew Dames Prelude Dr. Robert Hook Xaar David Paton Mike Willis Steve Temple Mike Willis Aphamosaic Cambridge Silicon Radio Cyan Technology Pelikon Roundpoint INCA Digital Printers ELMJET Domino DCSCambridge Mass Spectrometry Bill Baxter Will Eve Paul Anson Mike Payne Graham Martin Colin Gray Will Eve Acquired by Videojet Technologies Graeme Minto David Paton Xennia Technologies Alan Hudd Transversal David Yip David McKay Barrie Griffiths Steve Mullock Kore Technology Yuno Ltd Steve Barlow Robert Swann Phil O’ Donovan James Collier Glenn Collinson Dr. Chris Davies Acquired by Elumin founded by Dr. Hans Wagner David Bending Symbionics Ali Pourtaheri Dennis Fielder Acquired by Cadence Tality Fen Technology TTP Gordon Edge Tim Eiloart Gerald Avison Adrian Lucas Mark Howard Richard Doyle Dr. Stuart Hendry Dr. Gavin Troughton Dr. Elizabeth Hill Dr. Mark Tracy Nigel Playford Wavedriver Acquired by PowerGen TTP Ventures TTP LabTech Creativity Partnership Acumen Bioscience ip.access Myriad Acquired by Mettler-Toledo Automation Partnership Demerged from TTP Group TTPCom Yin M. Myint, Shailendra Vyakarnam Chris Fryer Chris Barnardo Mike Stroey Cambridge Physical Sciences Roger Millar Signal Process Ltd Dr. Robin Smith-Saville Vivid Stephen Eason Acquired by Vetura Radiant Networks Dr. Mike Crossfield TonyMillbourn Tim Eiloart Ross Green, Mike Kellaway Richard Archer John Cassells Richard Philpott John Cassells David Cornell Anne Miller

7. Yin M. Myint, Shailendra Vyakarnam Until 1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2002 AGC 1984 Alan Goodman (FD) ATM Alan Goodman Salix pharmaceutical Alan Goodman Peptide Therapeutics Now Acambis Daniel Roach Alan Goodman Amura Alan Goodman Avlar BioVentures Alan Goodman Daniel Roach Oxford Bimedica Alan Goodman LINDCO Alan Goodman Alan Goodman CORE CeNes Daniel Roach Alan Goodman Chiroscience Alan Goodman Chris Evans Enzymatix Chris Evans Merged by Celltech Group Rapigene ChiroTech Enviros Chris Evans Cerebrus Toad Chris Evans Merlin Ventures Celsis Amedis pharmaceutic al Prof William Bains Prof John Caldwell Axis Genetcs Iain Cubitt Pestex Changed its name to MicroBio Group Acquired by Becker Underwood MRC LMB 1960s Dr. Greg Winter Daivd Chiswell CAT Dr. Greg Winter Diversys RiboTargets Simon Sturge Celltech C ambridge University Martin Davies BioRobotics Cantab Pharmaceuticals Alan Munro Merged with Xenova Group Ltd Dr. Chris Lowe J. McCann Cambridge Sensors Affinity chromatography Dr. Chris Lowe Dr. Ken Jones Acquired by Prometic Biosciences Inc Holometrica Dr. Roger Millington Abcam Jonathan Milner AdproTech Prof. Peter Lachmann Biotica Technology Prof. Peter Leadlay Prof. Jim Staunton Kudos Pharmaceuticals Prof. Stephen Jackson Hexagen Mark Bodmer Lorantis Acquired by Incyte Sense Proteomics Dr. Jonathan Blackburn De Novo Dr. Philip Dean Dr. David Bailey Paradigm Therapeutics Dr. Mark Carlton Metris Therapeutics Prof. Stephen Smith Dr. Steve Charnock-Jones Smart Holograms Dr. Chris Lowe Purely Proteins Dr. Chris Lowe Dr. David Bailey Daniolabs Paul Goldsmith Akubio Dr. Matthew Cooper Dr. David Klenerman Dr. Tony Minson Astex Technology Prof. Blundell Chris Abell Harren Jhoti Solexa Dr. Shankar Balasubramanian

8. Acorn Cluster Some individuals involved in Acorn - 1978 Sinclair Research University of Cambridge Barclays Bank Acquired in 1985 ARM -1990 Virata (ATML)- 1993 Orbis 1978 Element 14 - 1999 ANT- 1990 Amadeus Capital Partners Electronic Share Information St John’s Innovation Centre - Norwich and Peterborough Building Society Level 5 Network -2002 Ubisense 2002 Ubisense 2002 Olivetti, acquired by AT&T in 1999 Real VNC 2002 Real VNC 2002 Source of Technology Movement of individuals from one organization to another Robin Saxby & Engineers from Acorn Hermann Hauser Andy Hopper Mike Muller Tudor Brown Peter Wynn Alex Van Someren Sophie Wilson Chris Curry Stan Boland Steve Furber Start-ups Walter Herriot Matthew Bullock Jack Lang Charles Cotton Anne Glover Andy Ward Rupert Curwen, Paul Webster, Pete Steggles Steve Pope Derek Roberts David Riddoch Andy Harter Tristan Richardson James Weatherall

9. SourceCambridgeLondonRosa & Scott % companies with at least one director with multiple appointments979440 % companies associated with over 10 other companies907720 % directors with 2-5 directorships42 41 % directors with >5 directorships293722 Average no. directors per company5.64.31.8 Average no. directorships per director5.56.85.6

10. Hermann Hauser Graham O'Keeffe Richard Youell Andrew Dames Ray Anderson Andy Hopper Mike Muller Duncan Stewart Chris Wade David Cleevely Gerald Avison Stephen Ives Richard Friend Bob Pettigrew Peter Wynn Alex Van Someren Robert Hook Robin Saxby Jamie Urquhart Laurence Garrett Pilgrim Beart Jack Lang Phil O'Donovan Robert Swann Stephen Elliott John Paul Auton Gordon Edge Dr. Peter J. Duffett-Smith Nigel Berry Charles Cotton Simon Segars Sir Alec Broers Michael Ledzion Richard King Structural and relational social capital in the hi-tech cluster 4 links & above 3 links 2 links 1 link

11. Structural and relational social capital in the bio-tech cluster Bill Matthews Chris Abell Dr Chris Keightley Timothy Rink John Padfield Stephen Bunting Andy Richards Alan Goodman David Bailey Derek Jones Mark Cathy Alan Munro Chris Lowe Mark Bodmer Daniel Roach Chris Evans David Needham Alan Smith David Gough Hermann Hauser Bob Pettigrew Ann Hayes Philip Dean Peter Keen David Klenerman John Berriman 3 links 2 links 1 link

12. Conclusions Huge amount of social and human capital available Willingness to give back and share Entrepreneurs play multiple roles Source of inspiration, information and implementation