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Published byLydia Parsons Modified over 9 years ago
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Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote 10-200 μm
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Nanobacteria 0.1 μm 10 4 – 10 5 /ml Ocean waters 0.15 μm minimum size?
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Always Exceptions? Max? E. fishelsoni - 600µm Multiple genomes
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Cell Shapes Bacillus Coccus Spirillum Spirochetes Appendaged
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Cell Clusters Pairs – Diplo… Diplococcus Chains – Strepto.. Streptococcus Others – Staphylococcus
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Cytoplasmic Membrane Phospholipid Bilayer No Sterols Bacteria & Eukaryotes Ester linkages Archaea Ether linkage Lipid monolayer Thermophiles
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Membrane Function Diffusion –osmotic pressure Selective Permeability Transport Proteins Simple Transport – proton motive force
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Group Translocation Glucose PEP Pyruvate Glucose - 6 - PO4 Transport linked to first step of Glycolysis
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ABC System Transport Periplasmic-binding protein Membrane-spanning protein Kinase
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Export Translocase Signal sequence Exoenzymes Toxins
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Bacterial Cell Wall Peptidoglycan, Murein Layer n-acetylglucosamine n-acetylmuramic acid 1-4 Linkage Peptide Cross Links
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Diaminopimelic acid - all G- Lysine - most G+ d-Alanine, d-Glutamic acid
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Gram Positive Cell Wall Multi-Track layer 25 layers Teichoic Acid Lysozyme Protoplast Autolysins
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Teichoic –Lipoteichoic acid
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Gram PositiveGram Negative
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Gram Negative Envelope Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharides Peptidoglycan Periplasmic space Cytoplasmic Membrane
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Gram Negative Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharides Endotoxins Pyrogens -Lipid A Core Polysaccharide O Polysaccharide Porins Periplasmic Space
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Archaea Cell Wall Pseudopeptidoglycan Β 1-3 linkages N acetyltalosaminuronic acid S-Layer - most common
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Prokaryotic DNA Closed Circles E. coli chromosome has 4.6 million Bases Supercoiled Haploid Sometimes Plasmids
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Outer Surface Flagella Pili - Fimbriae Capsule Slime Layer Glycocalyx
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Flagella Polar flagella Lophotrichous Peritrichous flagella Flagellin Self Assembly
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Inclusion Bodies Poly- - Hydroxybutyric Acid Glycogen
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Polyphosphate –Metachromatic granules Sulfur
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Magnetosomes Varied morphology
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Gas Vesicles Protein coat
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Endospores Most Resistance Cell Withstand Boiling Formed in Cells Contains Calcium dipicolinic Acid 10% Bacillus & Clostridium
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Endospores need 200 genes May live? 250 million years
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Taxis Chemotaxis Tumbles – Runs Phototaxis Magnetotaxis Gliding? Twitching
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Eukaryotic Cells Contains Organelles Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts
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Endosymbiotic Theory
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Cell Biology Word List Prokaryotic 0.1-50 m Transport Cell Shape 600 m Max? Proteins BacillusCytoplasmicGroup CoccusMembraneTranslocation SpirillumPhospholipidsCell Wall SpirocheteBilayerPeptidoglycan AppendagedSterolsN-acetyl- Strepto, Diplo,Archaeaglucosamine Staphylo.Ether-linksN-acetyl- Size?Permeabilitymuramic acid
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Cell Biology Word List 2 PeptideArchaeaCore Poly- Cross-linksPseudo-saccharide Diamino-peptidoglycanPorins pimelic acidGram -Periplasmic D-AlanineLipopoly- Space 1-4 linkage saccharideAutolysin Gram+OuterProkaryotic Teichoic acid Membrane DNA LysozymeEndotoxinClosed Circles ProtoplastLipid A4.6X10 6 Bases
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Cell Biology Word List 3 SupercoiledPhototaxisAcid HaploidMagnetotaxisGlycogen PlasmidsPili, FimbriaePoly- FlagellaCapsule, phosphate Polar FlagellaGlycocalyxMetachromatic PeritrichousSlime layer granules FlagellinInclusionSulfur Self-Assembly BodiesMagnetosomes Chemotaxis Poly- - Gas Vesicles Tumbles-RunshydroxybutyricEndospores
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Cell Biology Word List 4 EndosporesEndosymbiotic DipicolinicTheory Acid Eukaryotic Organelles Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts
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