1. Chapter 1: Living Things
Aim: What is the difference between living and nonliving things?

2. Characteristics of Living Things
Organized
Grow and develop
Reproduce
Respond to stimuli
Maintain certain internal conditions
Use energy
Things that have ALL of these characteristics are called organisms

3. Organized
Made up of small units called cells
Cells contain structures with specialized functions
Some organisms are unicellular (one cell only)
Some are multicellular (two or more cells)
Each cell contains heredity material and has a structure
Growth and Development
Unicellular organisms grow as the cell increases
Multicellular organisms grow as their cells increase in number
Changes that occur in an organism during its lifetime are called development

4. Reproduce
Reproduction is the process by which one organism makes one or more new organisms
All organisms reproduce differently
Respond to Stimuli
All living things respond to changes in their environment
Changes can be internal or external
Internal stimuli: ex: feeling hungry or thirsty
External stimuli: ex: light and temperature
Homeostasis
An organisms ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change

5. Ensures that cells can function
Energy
Cells use energy to transport substances, make new cells, and perform chemical reactions
Everything an organism does requires energy
Energy comes from the sun directly or indirectly

6. Nonliving Things Don’t have all of these characteristics
Don’t need things in order to survive
Examples:
Water
Air
Rocks
Clouds

7. Aim: What are the basic needs of all living things?
Place to live
Some need a hot environment
Some need a cold environment
Some live in the ocean
Few live on the bottom of the ocean
Organisms surroundings must provide for all of its needs

8. 2. Raw Materials
all living things need water
Most organisms made up of 50 % H2O
Humans made up of 60-70% H2O
Need proteins, fats and sugars

9. Aim: How do we classify living things?

10. Classification
Early classifications included grouping plants depending on how they were used and animals on human traits, such as courageous
Aristotle classified living things by how they looked
Example: Animal categories included hair or no hair, four legs or two legs

11. Modern classification
Carolus Linnaeus came up with a new system of classification based on the structure of the organism
Modern classification
Includes Linnaeus’ system
Similarities of internal and external factors
study fossils, hereditary information and early stages of development
Scientists use all of this information to find and organisms phylogeny

12. Today’s Classification System
Organisms are grouped into six kingdoms
Kingdom is the first and largest category
Organisms are placed into these kingdoms based on various characteristics
Smallest classification is a species
Organisms that belong to the same species can mate and reproduce

13. Aim: How do scientists name organisms?

14. Binomial Nomenclature
Two-word naming system used by Linnaeus
Used by modern scientists
First word identifies the genus of the species
Second words tells you something about the organism-what it looks like, lives or who discovered it
Examples: Red Maple Tree=Acer Rubrum

15. Using Scientific Names
Used for four reasons:
Help avoid mistakes
Organisms with similar evolutionary history are classified together in the same genus
Give descriptive information
Allows information about organisms to be organized easily and efficiently

16. Aim: How do you use a dichotomus key?

17. Tools for Identifying Organisms
Field guides
Have descriptions and illustrations of organisms
Information about where they live
Can identify species from around the world

18. Dichotomous keys
Detailed list identifying characteristics that includes scientific names
Arranged in steps
Can identify and name species