1. Introduction to Living Things 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

2. Organism Any living thing  Bacteria  Animals  Fungi  Plants  Etc

3. Characteristics of L.T. In order to be considered alive, organisms must have these 5 characteristics:  Living things are organized  Living things respond to stimuli  Living things use energy  Living Things grow and develop  Living things reproduce

4. Living things are organized Every living thing is made up of one or more cells.  Cells=the basic unit of life  Cells contain the hereditary material, called DNA

5. Living things respond to stimuli Stimulus=something that causes a change in an organism Response= the reaction to the stimulus Homeostasis= an organisms ability to keep proper conditions inside, no matter what is going on outside

6. Living things use energy Plants, and some bacteria get energy from the sun Animals get energy from food

7. Living things grow and develop Growth=organism gets bigger Development=Changes that take place during the lifetime Lifespan= How long an organism is expected to live

8. Living things reproduce Reproduction=making babies

9. Living things have 2 needs 1. A place to live (habitat) 1.Must be a place that suits the needs of the organism

10. What else? 2. Raw materials ALL organisms need water to survive Humans also need  Food  Oxygen Plants also need  Sunlight  Carbon dioxide (plants do not need oxygen!)

11. Where does life come from? Living things only come from other living things  This is called biogenesis

12. How are living things classified?

13. Carolus Linneaus Born Carl Linne in 1707 Looked for a way to classify organisms  Based his classification on how organisms looked  Example: All trees together, all bear-looking creatures together, all fish together, etc. Developed Binomial Nomenclature  2 word naming system still used today.

14. Binomial Nomenclature 2 word naming system developed by Linnaeus  1 st word=genus  A group of closely related organisms  Ex. Pinus = pine trees  2 nd word=species  Tells us something about the organism  Ex. Pinus virginana

15. Rules for Scientific Names 1. First word capitalized 2. Second word lowercase 3. Both words in italics or, if handwritten, underlined Example: Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

16. What is wrong with these Scientific Names? canus familiaris Felis Domesticus Equus caballus

17. Why use scientific names? 4 main reasons 1. To avoid mistakes/confusion 2. To show how organisms are related 3. Because they give us information about the organism 4. Allows organisms to be easily organized

18. 1. To avoid confusion/mistakes So we can avoid confusion/mistakes  We use some words to refer to many organisms that are actually not closely related  Black Bear & Koala Bear-  Koalas are NOT bears

19. 2. To show how organisms are related The first word gives us the genus, which is a related group of organisms  Canus lupis=wolf  Canus familaris=dog  Canus latrans=coyote

20. 3. The names give us some information about the organism It may be who discovered the species, where it is found, or a feature Nothura darwinii Cornus florida

21. Allow organisms to be easily organized Organisms part of the same genus are grouped together  Phylogeny=grouping organisms based on relationships

22. Modern Classification Life is broken down into categories 3 Domains  Bacteria  Archaea  Eukarya

23. Kingdom Life is broken down into categories 6 Kingdoms  Domain Bacteria  Kingdom-Eubacteria  Domain Archaea  Kingdom-Archaea  Eukarya  Animalia  Plantae  Fungi  Protista

24. Eubacteria “True” Bacteria Single cell

25. Archaea Similar to bacteria Single cell

26. Animalia Animal kingdom Many cells

27. Plantae Plant kingdom Many cells

28. Fungi Mushrooms, mold, yeast Many cells

29. Protists Mostly one cell Most are microscopic

30. More classification levels Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

31. A group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring

33. Mnemonic for remembering levels of organization Did King Phillip Come Over For Great Spaghetti Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

34. Tools for Identifying Organisms Field Guide & Dichotomous Key Field Guide-Pictures and descriptions of organisms

35. Tools for Identifying Organisms Dichotomous Key  Detained list of characteristics that helps identify organism