1. A framework for Understanding Poverty Sheally Engebretson Dr. Kwame Bruce Based on book by Ruby K. Payne, Ph.D.

2. Key Points to Remember Poverty is relative Poverty occurs in all races and in all countries Economic class is a continuous line, not a clear-cut distinction Generational poverty and situational poverty are different (Questionnaire)

3. An individual brings with him/her the hidden rules of the class in which he/she was raised To move from poverty to middle class or middle class to wealth, an individual must give up relationships for achievement (at least for some period of time).

4. Two things that help one move out of poverty are education and relationships Four reasons one leaves poverty are: Its too painful to stay, a vision or goal, a key relationship, or a special talent or skill.

5. Statistics About Poverty 7.6 million poor families in 2003 Foreign-born population in U.S. has increased Poverty is caused by interrelated factors: parental employment status and earning, family structure, and parental education (Five Million Children, 1992)

6. Definition of Poverty The extent to which an individual does without resources Scenarios

7. Resources Financial Emotional Mental Spiritual Physical Support Systems Relationship/Role Models Knowledge of Hidden Rules

8. Quote No significant learning occurs without a significant relationship. Dr. James Comer

9. Role of Language and Story Register of Language: every language in the world has five registers. Frozen Formal Consultative Casual Intimate

10. Hidden Rules Among Classes Generally, in America, the notion is recognized for racial and ethnic groups, but not particularly for economic groups.

11. Characteristics of Generation Poverty Poverty for at least two generations Has its own culture, hidden rules & belief systems Prevailing attitude is that society owes one a living.

12. Family Patterns in Generational Poverty Family patterns Key roles: fighter/lover, caretaker/rescuer, worker, storyteller, and keeper of the soul (i.e., dispenser of penance and forgiveness) Scenarios

13. Quote The culture of poverty has some universal characteristics which transcend regional, rural- urban, and even national differences…There are remarkable similarities in family structure, interpersonal relations, time orientations, value systems, spending patterns, and the sense of community in lower-class settlements in London, Glasgow, Paris, Harlem, and Mexico City. Oscar Lewis, Four Horsemen

14. Characteristics Get mad & quite their job/work Will work hard if they like you Do not use conflict-resolution skills Use survival language Not emotionally reserved when angry

15. Characteristics cont. Extreme freedom of speech Very independent Time Need emotional warmth Level of integrity

16. Characteristics cont. Possessiveness Space Favoritism

17. Characteristics: Real Men, Real Women Men socialize with men and women with women A real man is ruggedly good-looking A real woman takes care of her man

18. Role Models Emotional Resources Dependence Independence Interdependence Functional and Dysfunctional Systems

19. Support Systems Coping Strategies Options During Problem-Solving Information and Know-How Temporary Relief from Emotional, Financial, and/or Time Constraints

20. Support System cont. Connections to Other People and Resources Positive Self-Talk Procedural Self-Talk Hidden Rules Among Classes handout

21. Creating Relationships Students in poverty Emotional Bank (Covey-1889)

22. Relationship Deposits & Withdrawals DepositsWithdrawals Seek first to understandSeek first to be understood Keeping promisesBreaking promises Kindnesses, courtesiesUnkindnesses, discourtesies Clarifying expectationsViolating expectations Loyalty to the absentDisloyalty, duplicity ApologiesPride, conceit, arrogance Open to feedbackRejecting feedback

23. Deposits made to individual in poverty Appreciation for humor and entertainment provided by the individual Acceptance of what the individual cannot say about a person or situation Respect for the demands and priorities of relationships Using the adult voice

24. Deposits cont. Assisting with goal-setting Identifying options related to available resources Understanding the importance of personal freedom, speech, and individual personality

25. Conclusion It is our responsibility who work with the poor to teach the differences and skills/rules that will allow the individual to make the choice. As it now stands for many of the poor, the choice never exists.