1. A World Away

2. Terms Indigenous - Aborigine - Native American / American Indian – Pre-colonial -

3. Native Americans The first inhabitants of the American continents were nomadic hunters and gathers. These nomads probably arrived in North America around 40,000 years ago, following a land bridge that formed between North America and Asia. It is believed that another group of humans migrated from Asia into North America around 12,000 years ago. Some scientists also think that some people might have used boats to follow ocean currents to the tip of South America, while others arrived following ice from Western Europe. As these various groups traveled into the new world following wild game, they spread out across the land, forming new cultures, and in some cases, complex civilizations.

4. Migration to North America

5. Colonialism During the 1600s European powers began asserting themselves in North America. England, Spain and France were the major players in North America. Native Americans were seen as “savages” by many Europeans. Generally, Europeans saw little value in Native American traditions. –Why?

6. Pre-Colonial North America There were an estimated 10 million Native Americans living in what is now the US when the Europeans arrived. Today, there are about 2 million Native Americans living in the US. –800,000 living on reservations –1.2 million living in urban areas (cities)

7. Pre-Colonial North America

9. And then……. It’s a long story, but Native American culture faded as the newcomers gained control of the continent. Bottom Line – Right or Wrong, Native American culture was displaced by European culture. Video Clip – Native American Upheaval

10. Was it a unique experience? Australian Aborigines –Aboriginal comes the Latin words ab (from) origine (the beginning). It is estimated that the first “Australians” migrated from Asia about 40,000 years ago…. –about the same time as the first “Americans” came to America from Siberia on the Beringia land Bridge

12. Colonialism The English were the first (Europeans) to claim and colonize Australia in the late 1700s They were a little more creative in their colonization efforts though… –Australia became a penal colony under the British Crown –England shipped debtors and other criminals to the island because it lacked room for it’s growing delinquent population

13. Pre-Colonial Australia At the time that Australia was settled by the British there were as many as 1 million natives living in Australia. The native population lingered near 60,000 toward the late 1800s There are about 200,000 remaining today. –Living in urban areas or in the “bush”

14. Pre-Colonial Australia

16. Quote from Survival International “Ever since the British first invaded, Aboriginal peoples have had their land stolen from them or destroyed. Until 1992, when it was finally overturned, the legal principle governing British and then Australian law regarding Aborigines' land was that of 'terra nullius' – that the land was empty before the British arrived, belonged to no-one, and could legitimately be taken over. “

17. Video Clip – Aboriginal Rights Movement