1. Chapter 29 Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad 1912-1916

2. 1912 Election Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson –Platform= New Freedom 3 rd party formed- The Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party) –TR nominated at Chicago convention –Platform= New Nationalism –Based on Herbert Croly: The Promise of American Life Wilson won with 435 EV (41% of popular vote) to TR’s 88 EV and Taft’s 8 Taft+TR=1.25 million more votes than Wilson Real winner= progressivism 1912 election= death to Bull Moose party

4. GOP Divided by Bull Moose Equals Democratic Victory, 1912

6. President Wilson Wilson= intellectual and standoffish Idealistic about humanity, stubborn in own convictions= no compromise Born in pre-Civil War Virginia= somewhat sympathetic to Southern cause  self determination Jeffersonian, loved words and gave powerful speeches Role of president= leader of Congress and the people

7. Tariff Reform “Triple Wall of Privilege”= tariff, banks and trusts Wanted a lower tariff  Underwood Tariff Bill –Reduce tariff rate and establish a graduated income tax (after 16 th amendment) –Used public opinion to push through –By 1917: more revenue from income tax than the tariff

8. Bank Reform Needed a national banking system (problems with elasticity from 1907 Panic) 1908 commission headed by Senator Nelson Aldrich  Aldrich Plan –People feared the Money Trusts! –Congressional hearings on power of the Money Trusts by Congressman Arsene Pujo –Modifications to Aldrich Plan needed Federal Reserve Act of 1913 –12 regional reserve districts, board appointed by President, acted independent afterward –Issue Federal Reserve Notes –Expand and contract economy as necessary

10. Trust Busting- Wilson Style! Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 –M–Monopolies using unfair trade practices –C–Consumer protection The Clayton Anti Trust Act of 1914 –E–Expand on Sherman Anti Trust Act –E–Exempted labor unions and agricultural organizations (close loophole) –D–Didn’t necessarily stop the courts from attacking unions in coming years

11. Wilson’s Foreign Policy Wilson=anti imperialist Repeal of Panama Canal Tolls Act Passed Jones Act of 1916 Changed policies with execution of Hatian president Marines occupied until 1934 1915 Dominican Republic

12. The United States in the Caribbean, 1898–1941

13. “Pancho” Villa with His Ragtag Army in Mexico, ca. 1916 His daring, impetuosity, and horsemanship made Villa a hero to the masses of northern Mexico. Yet he proved to be a violent and ineffective crusader against social abuses, and he was assassinated in 1923.

14. WWI in Europe System of alliances in Europe Franz Ferdinand assassinated 1914 Austria-Hungary allied with Germany Serbia allied with Russia (slavic) France allied with Russia  Germany attacked France through Belgium Great Britain sided with France and Russia Central Powers= Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria Allied Powers= France, GB, Russia, Serbia, Japan, Italy, Belgium US determined to stay neutral

17. US Neutrality GB and US share a common language  British propaganda 11 million people in US had direct ties to Central Powers  fatherland! Business profited from war Germany blockaded by GB, could only trade with Allies! February 1915: unrestricted submarine warfare May 7, 1915: Lusitania sunk (128 Americans) The Arabic and The Sussex Germany= Sussex Pledge

19. British Military Area (declared November 3, 1914) and German Submarine War Zone (declared February 4, 1915)

21. 1916 Election Progressives tried to nominate TR= refused Republicans nominated SC Justice Charles Evans Hughes (entice Progressives back to party) –Platform= against Democrat tariff, attack on trusts and the pacifism of Wilson  military preparedness –Straddled the fence Wilson for the Democrats= “He kept us out of war” Hughes won eastern states, Wilson won South and west Came down to California with 3,800 votes

22. Presidential Election of 1916 (with electoral vote by state) Wilson was so worried about being a lame duck president in a time of great international tensions that he drew up a plan whereby Hughes, if victorious, would be appointed secretary of state, Wilson and the vice president would resign, and Hughes would thus succeed immediately to the presidency.