2. Urban Form in America and Europe Pietro S. Nivola Senior Fellow Governance Studies The Brookings Institution

3. Fundamentals Space Source: Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University

5. Demography  Population Growth Source: OECD

6. Demography  Age Profile Source: OECD

7. Demography  Mobility Within County (65%) New County, Same State (19%) Different State (13%) International (3%) Over one in ten Americans moved in 2008 (38.7 million people) Mobility patterns: Source: US Census Bureau

8. The Economy  GDP Source: OECD Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (inflation adjusted USD)

9. Policy Distinctions Agricultural Subsidies Source: OECD

10. Transportation Policy United StatesUntied Kingdom Public Transit Public Transit Roads and Road-Related Expenses Roads and Road- Related Expenses Allocation of Transportation Spending (as share of total ground transportation spending) Source: US Department of Transportation, UK Department for Transport

11. Energy Prices and Taxes Source: The Brookings Institution Unleaded Gas Prices and Taxes (2008, Q1)

12. Source: The Brookings Institution Automotive Diesel Prices and Taxes (2008, Q1) Energy Prices and Taxes

13. Electricity Prices for Households (U.S. Dollars per Kilowatt-hour) Source: OECD Energy Prices and Taxes

14. Percent of Trips Taken by Various Modes of Transportation AutoPublic TransitBicycleOther (includes walking) Auto Trips Per Transit Trip United States 8921744.5 Great Britain 65144174.6 France56135254.5 Germany491612233.1 Source: Sprawl in Europe and America, Michael Lewyn, 46 San Diego L. Rev. 85

15. Source: Transportation: A Geographical Analysis, by William Richard Black, pp. 39 8829 6286 6299 6313 Vehicle Kilometers Driven (per capita, 2003)

16. Education Source: US Department of Education Per Capita Education Expenditure (Annual expenditure per student, in USD)

17. High School Math and Science Scores International Comparisons Source: The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2006.

18. The Urban-Suburban Education Gap in America Sources: The New York Times, Mass. State Board of Education Over 95% 90-95% 80-89% Under 80% MCAS Composite

19. Source: IEA Statistics Division, Energy Balances of OECD Countries (2008 edition). Energy Consumption: Total energy consumption per capita Units: Kilograms of oil equivalent (kgoe) per person 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 199020002005 FranceGermanyItaly United KingdomUnited States So What? Big Foot

20. Carbon Footprint: International Comparison Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), metric tons of CO2 per capita (UNFCCC) Source: United Nations

21. What To Do?  Shopworn “Solutions”  Emulate Europe? No and Yes