1. Good Morning Monday May 13, 2013 -Mrs. Schramm 1. Please have a seat. 2. Write down the Learning Objectives. 3. Begin answering the Warm Up questions. Learning Objectives: Be able to explain the differences between a nonspecific and specific immune response. Be able to explain how vaccines prevent infections caused by viruses. Warm Up: 1. What do you think the purpose of the immune system is? 2. What are the main structures/parts of the body that make up the immune system? 3. What kinds of factors (pathogens) can trigger an immune response? 4. What do you think the difference is between a “Specific Immune Response” and a “Nonspecific Immune Response?

2. Good Morning Monday May 13, 2013 -Mrs. Schramm 1. Please have a seat. 2. Write down the Learning Objectives. 3. Begin answering the Warm Up questions. Learning Objectives: Be able to explain the differences between a nonspecific and specific immune response. Be able to explain how vaccines prevent infections caused by viruses.

3. Warm Up: 1. What do you think the purpose of the immune system is? To fight infection (foreign pathogens) by producing cells to inactivate pathogens or infected body cells.

4. Warm Up: 2. What are the main structures/parts of the body that make up the immune system? -Skin -Blood Cells (white) -Mucus Membranes -Bone Marrow -Thymus -Lymph Nodes

5. Warm Up: 3. What kinds of factors (pathogens) can trigger an immune response? Anything that the body does not recognize as itself: -Viruses -Bacteria -Fungus -Protists

6. Warm Up: 4. What do you think the difference is between a “Specific Immune Response” and a “Nonspecific Immune Response? Specific will target one germ (pathogen), while nonspecific will block all germs in the same way.

7. Class Notes: The Immune System Body system that fights infection through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells.

8. Pathogen: A foreign agent that causes harm to a host cell/organism. Causes disease. Examples: bacteria, viruses, protists, prions, fungus

9. Nonspecific Defense: Does not discriminate between one threat and another. 1. First line of Defense: The skin provides the most important barrier to infection by pathogens. Preventing pathogens from entering the body is the best way to prevent infection.

10. Nonspecific Defense: Does not discriminate between one threat and another. a. Body secretions that help prevent infection: mucus, saliva, and tears all contain Lysozyme (an enzyme that breaks down the cell walls of bacteria)

11. Nonspecific Defense: Does not discriminate between one threat and another. b. Other Barriers: Pathogens can also enter through natural opening in the skin. Examples: Eyes, ears, nose, mouth. To prevent pathogen entry humans have: earwax in the ears, mucus in the nose and throat, and hydrochloric acid in the stomach to destroy pathogens that get passed the skin.

12. Nonspecific Defense: Does not discriminate between one threat and another. Second Line of Defense: Inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

13. Second Line of Defense: Inflammatory Response a. Body produces millions of white blood cells. b. Blood vessels expand to carry white blood cells to the site of injury/infection. c. Surrounding tissues become swollen with extra cells and fluid d. Fever: most pathogens can only live within a narrow temperature range.

14. Think, Pair, Share with a Partner: Explain a situation that resulted in you or someone you know having a nonspecific immune response.

15. Specific Immune Response: Goes into action when nonspecific response has failed to prevent pathogen from entering the body. Specific Defense: An immune response that attacks a specific pathogen

16. Specific Immune Response 1. White Blood Cells: Macrophage (Phagocyte), B- Cells, T-Cells 2. Antigen: Any substance that triggers an immune response.