2. Turn to p. 240 Chapter 14 Building up Our Defence Force -Citizens’ Army (NS) -Problems faced -Solutions 1967 1968-75 -Nation-building

3. 1. Need to build a Defence Why? 1. Vulnerable - good position / depend on trade 2. SEA unstable - Vietnam war 3. Responsible for own survival / but had only a small defence in 1965 4. Foreign investors want peace/stability Result: March 1967 - NS Amendment Bill

4. Turn to p. 241 2. Creating a citizens’ army Q: Why a citizens’ Army What are the advantages?

5. 2.1 Why a citizens’ Army p.242 remember “ M. C. at U.C.” 1.Overcome limited m anpower for defence and industry - soldier for two years 2. Large army but low cost 3. Contribution to nation-building -everyone is committed to defence (how?) see pages 250-251 : “Unity & Character)

6. 2.2 No Easy Task p.243 Problems lack experience of setting up.. Need to train officiers Need to convince people to accept NS “E.O.C or C.O.E” Solutions Foreign experts SAFTI for officers Win people’s support - MP explained to people/MP volunteer for part-time NS/ radio/TV...

7. Turn to p. 229 3. Withdrawal of British Armed Forces Question: What actions did the govt take from 1968 to 1971?

8. 3. Withdrawal of British Armed Forces (Dec 1971) 1. Train people to man the radar system 2. Join Five-Power Defence Arrangements (S’pore, Malaysia, Br, Australia, NZ) 4. Continue to build up the Army 5. Build up Navy and air force Prob: lack of training facilities and experience Soln: train overseas / foreign advisers Result: By mid 1970 - SAF had a large number of S’poreans trained to defend the country

9. Turn to p. 249 5. Keeping the Peace, Forging a Bond Question: How did NS help in nation- building?

10. 5. Keeping the Peace, Forging a Bond(“U.C.”) 5.1 Unity & Harmony Multi-racial defence force used in racial riots (1969) - soldiers united Common experience - shared with families Community service eg welfare homes/ help in emergency 5.2 Character -Building military training helped to create a rugged society (how? -discipline, endurance, character-building )

11. 6. Moving with the Times (p252) 1. Raise the physical fitness -IPPT 2. Improve skills / upgrade equipment 3. Buy advanced equipment and use less men 4. Use manpower more efficiently 5. All Singaporeans are involved in defence of Singapore (Total Defence)